记忆是一个人成长的关键要素，尤其是悲伤的记忆。10年前（2008年）的那场突如其来的大地震，伤害、影响了我们身边的很多人，让大家感受到在自然灾害面前人类的渺小，也深刻地认识到中国从国家到国民在防灾避难方面安全意识及知识的薄弱。美国心理学家亚伯拉罕·马斯洛在1943年发表的《人类激励理论》中提出了需要层次论，他认为安全需求是仅次于生理需求的人类基本需求，安全环境是人类从事社会活动的基本前提，需要引起足够的重视。

10年过去了，国家对安全越来越重视，国民的安全意识在觉醒，四川灾区也发生了翻天覆地的变化，人民的生活水平获得了极大的改善。与此同时我国在防灾避难、公共安全等方面积累了众多的科技成果，也制定了系列的政策支持。并于2018年3月，国务院专门设立了中华人民共和国应急管理部，致力于建立统一指挥、专常兼备、反应灵敏、上下联动、平战结合的中国特色安全应急管理体制，将建立健全的城乡公共安全体制列为我国现代化建设的重大任务，把提高防灾减灾救灾能力、确保人民群众生命财产安全和社会稳定放到国家发展的首位。

随着国家大力提倡建设“平安城市”和“平安社区”，风景园林行业进入新的发展机会，而环境安全相关的研究是实现“安全环境”的前提及基础。为了实现人工环境空间安全——自然环境生态安全——社会环境文化安全三位一体的“平安城市”发展模式，地理信息系统（Geographic Information System）、PPGIS等将个体感知与空间感知的田野调查方法都被应用于环境安全研究，相关研究方法对安全环境的研究产生了积极的影响。有幸作为本刊特约编辑，主持本期“安全环境”专题，特邀请了来自瑞典皇家理工学院（KTH Royal Institute of Technology）、香港大学、同济大学、华南理工大学、重庆大学、苏州大学等高校专家学者，利用环境设计预防犯罪（CPTED）、可防卫空间、情景预防犯罪等环境犯罪学理论，分别从地铁系统、大学校园、住区环境、街道空间、城市广场等城市空间类型探讨犯罪行为、安全感知、环境行为安全等内容及其之间的内在联系，研究涵盖文献综述、理论研究、实证研究等过程，虽仍不能完整涵盖安全环境所希冀的范围，但由此也可以看出，相关研究进一步明确安全环境理论的发展、应用及其外延，并为安全国家、“平安城市”的框架构建提供基础。

伴随着科技的发展、物联网的普及，智慧城市带来了新的安全隐患。未来如何面对高科技、人工智能等引发的非传统安全问题是安全环境应该关注的新课题。另外，根据日本、欧美等发达国家的经验，安全环境的构筑不仅仅停留在物理环境的安全，应该向心理环境的安心、社会环境的舒适等方面发展。总之，安全环境的建设还任重道远，需要从安全类别（行为安全、犯罪安全、灾害安全），空间类型（校园、公园、广场等防灾避难点）、用户群体（儿童、老年人、女性等弱势人群）等多维度进行系统研究和完善。下一个10年，让我们共同努力，共建“美好生活”“安心家园”。

本期专题组稿人：赖文波

2018年7月5日

From a Safe Environment to a Secure Home

Memory is a key element for a person’s growth, especially the sad memories. The sudden earthquake a decade ago (in 2008) hurt and affected a lot of people around us, acknowledging people how vulnerable we human beings are when facing nature and how weak the Chinese nationals’ safety awareness is in front of the sudden disasters. Abraham Maslow, the well-known American psychologist published his workA Theory of Human Motivation Psychological Reviewin 1943 to put forward the Hierarchy of Demand Theory to take the safety as the second human basic demand only next to the physical demand. Safe environment as the prerequisite of human social activities deserves more of our attention.

Over the past 10 years, the central government has paid more attention to the safety issue and the national safety awareness is widely awakening. The disaster-stricken areas of Sichuan underwent tremendous salvages and local people’s living standards have been significantly improved. At the same time, China has accumulated numerous scientific and technological achievements in disaster prevention and mitigation and in public security and a series of related policies have been enacted. In March 2018, the Ministry of Emergency Management P.R. China was set up under the State Council for establishing Chinese featured emergency management system with unified command and integrated,responsive, precautious safety operations and services. In the meantime, establishment of improved public security system in both urban and rural areas has been determined as a major task of modernization of China and the capacity building of disaster prevention, reduction and relief to ensure safety of people’s life and property and social stability has been taken as a high priority of national development.

With the vigorous widespread construction of Safe City and Safe Community, the landscape architecture discipline shall gain new development opportunities, yet research is the premise and foundation to realize environment safety. In order to achieve the three-in-one Safe City development, namely the artificial environment space safety, the natural environment and ecological safety and the socio-cultural environmental safety, the fieldwork method such as Geographic Information System (GIS) and Public Participation Geographic Information System (PPGIS) that integrate individual perception and space perception are applied to environmental safety research, and the related research methods has contributed positively to the research progresses. As the special editor of this issue themed Safe Environment, I invited experts and scholars from Swedish KTH Royal Institute of Technology,Hong Kong University, Tongji University, South China University of Technology, Chongqing University, Suzhou University etc.to use theories of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED), defendable space, situational crime prevention,environmental criminology etc. to explore respectively the criminal behavior, safety awareness, environmental behavior and their interactions in subway, campuses, residential areas, street spaces, city squares, these studies including literature review, theoretical study and empirical analysis. Although these research has not covered the full range of expectations regarding environment safety, it did further define the development, application and denotation of the theory of environment safety which provide basis for framework construction of Safe Country and Safety City.

The development of science and technology especially the disseminated use of Internet of Things, Wise City has brought about new safety risks. How to resolve the non-traditional safety problems arising from high technology and artificial intelligence has become a new topic of environment safety deserving our attention in the future. Furthermore, the practices of the developed countries as Japan, Europe and the United States etc. have shown that the buildup of safety environment means not only the safety of physical environment but also the psychological environment inclusive of heart-felt peacefulness, comfortable social surroundings etc. In short, the construction of the environmental safety of China remains a long way ahead demanding multi-dimensional systematic researches for improvement from the perspectives of safety category (behavior safety, criminal security, disaster safety),space types (refuge sites at campus, park, square etc.), user groups(children, the elderly, women and other disadvantaged groups). In the next decade, let us work together to build up a Better Life and a Secure Home.

Translator: Wang Xiyue

Acquiring editor of the current issue: LAI Wenbo

July 5th, 2018