1009-1513(2018)04-0090-03

Historical Facts and Literary Representation of Chinese Workers Building the Pacific Railway

(by TANG Shu-zhe)

Abstract: In 1860s, a large number of Chinese laborers joined the construction of the American Pacific Railway. In the social and historical context of racial discrimination, the mainstream American society’s epistemic violence conspired with capital to facilitate the exploitation of Chinese workers. The contribution of Chinese laborers to the development of the United States sharply contrasted with their harsh treatment. The spatio-temporal compression upon the completion of the railway accelerated the cross-regional flow of population and capital and triggered the employment competition between the white people and Chinese, and the exclusion of Chinese ensued. These anti-Chinese practices were manifested in discriminatory laws and regulations, in the atrocities of expulsion and persecution of Chinese laborers, and in the erasion of Chinese laborers’ contribution in historical narratives. Chinese-American writers have reproduced the historical facts, highlighted the Chinese laborers’ contributions and the unfair treatment they suffered, thus reconstructing the history of the white-dominated mainstream society in the United States and proving the legitimacy and rationality of the existence of Chinese in the United States.

Keywords: Chinese laborers; the Pacific Railway; Spatio-temporal compression; Historical facts; Literary representation

CostumesofWuyipeopleintheRepublicofChinaPeriod

(by WANG Lv-fei，LIN Ying-xu)

Abstract: The costumes of Wuyi people in the period of the Republic of China were not only inherited from the farming culture of the Han nationality, but also possessed the characteristics of Southern Guangdong. At the same time, because Wuyi area was a famous hometown of overseas Chinese in modern times, the costumes of Wuyi people were very much related to Western culture. Thus a costume culture and fashion blending Chinese and Western elements and characterized by variety, distinctiveness, ease and leisure formed, and spread its influence overseas.

Keywords: Overseas Chinese from Wuyi; Costumes in Wuyi; Costumes of the Republic of China; Long gowns

RethinkingofFolkBeliefsinKaiping’sPanVillage

(by SONG Xu-min)

Abstract: The “ritual reform” in the Pearl River Delta during the Ming and Qing Dynasties was actually a process of interaction and integration between local small traditions and national great traditions, and the change of folk beliefs in Pan Village vividly reflected it. Regarding the influence of big traditions on small traditions, there were changes in the gods worshiped, in the form of parading gods, and in the status of ancestor worship; as to the approach of the small tradition to the greater tradition, there was the veneration for the Central Plains gods and roping in of the renowned local scholars. In term of the continuation of small traditions, there was worship of multiple gods, residue of traditional geomancy and witchcraft, and traces of the extension of clan interests. The investigation of Pancun Village’s folk beliefs shows that catering to the greater tradition was the endogenous demand of the local clans in the Pearl River Delta, but it was not complete, resulting in the “fusion of folk beliefs” phenomenon.

Keywords: Pan Village; Folk beliefs; Greater traditions; Small traditions

ExploringandinheritingtheCulturalValueofPublicationsinJiangmen

(by ZHANG Jia-qi)

Abstract: Jiangmen is a famous homeland of overseas Chinese, and presenting a good narrative of the“Jiangmen Story” and exploring the cultural value of the local publications can enhance Jiangmen’s cultural popularity and self-confidence and raise the historical status and role of Jiangmen’s local publications in international cultural communication. Re-exploring the cultural value of Jiangmen’s past publications can also provide some inspiration for the development of publications in the new media era and further consolidate the strength of overseas Chinese and promote the development of overseas Chinese affairs.

Keywords: Jiangmen’s local publications; Cultural value; Inheritance

ChenYuan’sViewpointsontheConfucianClassics

(by LIU Jun-bo)

Abstract: Based on Chen Yuan’s lecture notes, biographical materials and works, it can be seen that Chen Yuan studied Confucian classics from the perspective of historical studies; he also borrowed the contents of Confucian classics to express the connotation of self-cultivation, patriotism and the encouragement of learning in his daily life; even in the study of historiography, he showed a tendency to embody valuable Confucian classics elements in the narration of historical facts. Chen Yuan’s attitude towards Confucian classics echoed with his scholarly practice of reading much but commenting little.

Keywords: Chen Yuan; Historiography; Confucian Classics; Textual criticism

AnInvestigationintoRelicsRelatedtoChenBaisha

(by SHI Yan-qun)

Abstract: Ideological and cultural heritage left by Chen Baisha is a treasure in Chinese traditional culture and an extremely important resource for cultural building in Lingnan area. Relics related to Chen were recently found such as the tablet bearing inscriptions commemorating Cheng An, the tablet bearing the preface to Qing Xian-cui’s Inscriptions on Jian-ge Pass, the tablet bearing the Essay on Liu Clan’s Ancestral Hall in Zengcheng and the tablet bearing four poems on sending off Liu Zongxin to Zengcheng. Research on and on-the-spot investigation of the inscriptions and tablet words written by Chen Baisha can corroborate with historical records and verify and supplement them, which is of great significance to the further study of Chen Baisha’s thought and the local culture.

Keywords: Chen Baisha; Funeral addresses; Plaques; Prefaces and Postscripts; Notes; Poems

China’sAmbassadortotheUnitedStatesLiangChengViewedfromthePerspectivesofAmericanmedia

(by ZHOU Min)

Abstract: As the seventh envoy of the late Qing Dynasty to the United States, Liang Cheng was different from diplomats from the traditional educational background. He joined the ranks of the Chinese overseas students sent by the Chinese government and enrolled in Phillips Academy Andover. He served as minister to the United States from 1902 to 1907 and devoted himself to safeguarding the national interests of China and actively promoted cultural exchanges between China and the United States. He also arranged for his descendants to receive an education blending Chinese and western traditions. Influenced by European and American cultures but wholly devoted to China’s diplomacy, Liang Cheng was not only known to the Chinese people, but also highly esteemed by Americans.

Keywords: Liang Cheng; the United States; Diplomacy

FactorsofWesternModernPaintinginLinFengmian’sPaintings

(by YUAN Lin-ping)

Abstract: From the emotional and formal aspects of artistic creation, the western modern emotional expression theory and formal composition theory had a profound influence on the emotional expression and formal composition of Lin Fengmian’s artistic creation; at the same time, the western artistic research methods characterized by experimental art provided inspiration to Lin Fengmian’s “hybridization” research method. Lin Fengmian provided experience and methods for solving the problem of integrating Chinese and Western styles in ink and wash painting.

另外，有的妈妈担心吃得多影响睡眠，其实只要在睡觉一个小时之前吃完就不会影响睡眠。一般只要晚餐能吃到1个蛋和0.1kg瘦肉就能补足孩子一天蛋白质的需要量。对于咀嚼能力差的孩子，可以吃炖肉，炖得软烂些，或者吃全肉包、肉丸等；对于不爱吃肥肉的孩子，妈妈要带头吃肥肉，身教比言传要管用得多。至于天天一个蛋，在家是肯定能保证的，为了提高孩子的兴趣，可以变着花样做，煮蛋、炒蛋、蛋羹都可以。

Keywords: Lin Fengmian; Artistic creation; Western modern painting; Integration of Chinese and Western styles

ThemeConstructionofCiPoemsonFestivalsinSongDynasty

(by YU Min-fang)

Abstract: Festivals stand out in people’s daily life with their special time significance, distinct self-characteristics and strong sense of form. Festival customs are related to the specific meaning of festivals, and the customary behavior epitomizes people’s universal value orientations and social psychology; festival customs are of cultural attributes. Therefore, festival customs can easily get writers’ aesthetic attention and become the theme of literary creation. Festival customs took part in the construction of the theme of Song’s ci poems in the form of festival scenes, festival activities, festival images and festival sentiments, which shows that Song’s ci poets’ close attention to the daily life of social groups. The downward shift of the focus of literary creation also broadened the literary horizon of Song’s ci poetry as a whole, and provided an aesthetic perspective of life.

Keywords: Song Dynasty; Festival poetry; Themes; Construction

AnEmotionalLookBackatHometown

(by SONG Wen)

Abstract: Liu Liyuan’s prose collection My Xisha Wo originated from his real hometown memory and life experience. In the book, the depiction of a group of little people is the most brilliant part of the book. The author combines the personal narrative with the grand narrative, not only presenting the life of these humble and small characters, but also allowing the reader to get a glimpse of the huge shape of the times through these life details. In addition, the author liberates “hometown” from the symbolic context and restores us to a real Xisha Wo (Western Sand Den), which endows the book with historical value.

Keywords: Xisha Wo; Small persons; Private narratives; Grand narratives; Literary value

HuShengandtheParadigmTheoryofRevolutionaryHistory

(by WANG Bing)

Abstract: Since China’s reform and opening up, an important reason why the study of the history of the Communist Party of China as a discipline could have been smoothly promoted is that researchers have attached great importance to the study of theoretical issues. In the study of the paradigm of Party history, Hu Sheng used the theory of the paradigm of revolutionary history to interpret the process of modern Chinese history and the history of the Communist Party of China; moreover, Hu Sheng forcefully hit back against the mistaken viewpoint of “farewell to revolution”. The significance of his research on the paradigm of revolutionary history lies mainly in enriching the content of the paradigm theory of Party history.

Keywords: Hu Sheng; Research on the history of CPC; Theory and methods; Paradigms of revolutionary history

PlanningResearchonAcceleratingtheBuildingofaGeneralAviationTouristTowninJiangmen

(by WU Feng，HU Qi-bo，SHEN Zhi-hui)

Abstract: Niujiang Town in Enping, Jiangmen, is the hometown of Feng Ru, father of China’s aviation industry. It has excellent resource conditions for developing a general aviation tourism industry. It could make use of the Feng Ru brand and the opportunity of the promotion of opening the lower airspace by the state to plan and build a special general aviation tourism town renowned in Guangdong and even in China. Based on the analysis of the special resource conditions of the Niujiang, this paper outlines a blueprint for “Feng Ru Aviation Tourist Town” through the overall function orientation, the setting of line of thinking and function layout for industrial integration, and the implementation of planning safeguards, with a view to promoting the upgrading of the tourism industry in Enping and Jiangmen.

Keywords: Planning; Specialty towns; General aviation tourism; Niujiang Town

AComparativeStudyofProjectedImagesandPerceivedImagebyTouristDestinations

(by ZENG Li-Sha)

Abstract: Taking the three landscape spots of Liyuan Garden, Zili Village and Maxianglong Village in Kaiping as analysis objects, and based on questionnaire responses, the projection image of tourists before visiting and the perceived image after the visiting as the research content, a comparative study is made and marketing suggestions for optimizing the image of tourist destinations are put forward.

Keywords: Kaiping; Diaolou and villages; Projected images; Perceived images

ResearchonBuildingJiangmen’sCulturalSoftPowerbyPromotingTourismintheGlobalView

(by RONG Hao)

Abstract: In the global view, urban tourism has important cultural value in terms of cultural resources, cultural power, cultural guarantee and cultural media in building up Jiangmen’s cultural soft power by means of organic integration of resources, integrated development of industries, social co-construction and sharing, and cultural flexible dissemination. Jiangmen city’s tourism can act on the core elements of cultural soft power including cultural centripetal forces, cultural productivity, cultural creativity and cultural innovation, cultural support and cultural transmission through the development of tourism cultural resources, the production of tourism cultural content, the integration of tourism and cultural creativity, the integration of tourism and scientific and technological innovation, the cultural sharing conducive to travel and habitation, and the flexible dissemination of tourism culture and provide a feasible path for the systematic building of Jiangmen City’s cultural soft power.

Keywords: Global tourism; Urban tourism; Urban cultural soft power; Action mechanism; Jiangmen

AStudyoftheTouristPerceptionofAncientVillagesasTourismDestinations

(by WU Kai-jun，LI Dan-xia)

Abstract: In recent years, ancient towns have become hot tourist attractions. Studying perception of residents in tourist destinations is conducive to promoting the sustainable development of these ancient villages. This paper takes Shawan Ancient Town in Panyu as an example. A field investigation collected the data which were analyzed using the SPSS software. A correlation analysis of the residents’perception from the three dimensions of tourism economic impact, social and cultural impact and environmental impact was conducted and a difference analysis from the perspective of social demographic characteristics was made. Finally, the residents’perception of tourist impacts was summed up coping measures for the sustainable development of ancient towns were puts forward.

Keywords: Tourism in ancient towns; Residents’ perception; Tourism impact

AnAnalysisof“TooktheGoldandSilverinCityShu”fromLiuBei’sBiographyinTheRecordsoftheThreeKingdoms

(by ZHANG Yin-xiao，HUANG Qiao-ping)

Abstract: The book ofRecordsoftheThreeKingdomshas the words “In the Shu City the first Emperor (Liu Bei)……took the gold and silver which he distributed to his officers and solders, and returned the cereals and cloth.” In regard to the origin of the “gold and silver in Shu City”and“cereals and silks”, the academic world has different understandings. Some people think those were both public and private, or from the government warehouses or rebellious lords. According to “RecordsofHuayangKIngdom”, the first Emperor “took gold and silver from the people of the Shu City which he distributed to officers and soldiers, and returned the grain and silks”, the wealth belonged to the people, having nothing to do with government warehouses. So the records suggest Liu Bei first confiscated the wealth of the Shu City, he then used the wealth to reward his army and returned a certain amount of grain and silks to the original owners. Liu Bei’s practice also reflected his policy of oppression against rich and powerful families of YIzhou Prefecture after his invasion.

Keywords:TheRecordsoftheThreeKingdoms;RecordsofHuayangKingdom; Three Kingdoms; Shu Han; Liu Bei

ExplanationofSomeCantoneseDialectCharactersandWordsintheRhymeBookFangYinYunPuPublishedintheRepublicofChinaPeriod

(by WANG Yi-li)

Abstract: The Rhyme BookFangYinYunPurecords a large number of common words in Cantonese dialect with detailed annotations. This paper selects and analyzes a number of characters and expressions contained in the book in order to get a glimpse of the value of the book.

Keywords:FangYinYunPu; Cantonese dialect; Dialect characters and words; Textual research

ResearchontheInheritanceofIntangibleCulturalHeritageandAppliedTalentsTrainingPatternsinLocalUniversities

(by GONG Chun-ying)

Abstract: Intangible cultural heritage is an important living resource for the cultivation of applied talents in local colleges and universities, which provides rich cultural connotation and rich quality education materials. Local colleges and universities can rely on local intangible cultural resources to adjust training programs and reform personnel training mode, bring intangible cultural heritage into the classroom by means of specialty internships and curriculum-mandated practice sessions, and rely on various research platforms to encourage teachers and students to pay close attention to local development-related issues and broaden the training channels for applied talents to adapt to local development.

Keywords: Intangible cultural heritage; Application-oriented personnel training; General education + adaptable majors; Dynamic resources