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联合检测术前与术后CEA CA19-9 CA72-4对不同分期胃癌根治术后复发的预测价值*

2017-05-08王国栋武爱文李子禹张连海季加孚

中国肿瘤临床 2017年7期
关键词:复发率标志物胃癌

王国栋 武爱文 李子禹 张连海 季加孚

·临床研究与应用·

联合检测术前与术后CEA CA19-9 CA72-4对不同分期胃癌根治术后复发的预测价值*

王国栋①武爱文②李子禹②张连海②季加孚②

目的:探讨联合检测术前、术后CEA、CA19-9、CA72-4等肿瘤标志物对不同分期胃癌根治术后复发的预测价值。方法:回顾性分析北京大学肿瘤医院2002年1月至2007年3月收治的564例胃癌患者的临床资料及血清肿瘤标志物情况。所有患者均未行新辅助治疗,术前、术后均联合检测CEA、CA19-9、CA72-4等肿瘤标志物。分析CEA、CA19-9、CA72-4等肿瘤标志物与胃癌复发的关系。结果:在Ⅰ、Ⅱ期胃癌患者中,CEA、CA19-9、CA72-4术前阳性的患者术后复发率分别为50.0%、24.1%、22.6%,而术后阳性的患者复发率分别为42.9%、21.7%、14.3%。在Ⅲ期胃癌患者中,CEA、CA19-9、CA72-4术前阳性的患者术后复发率分别为50.0%、55.2%、47.6%,而术后阳性的患者术后复发率分别为75.0%、66.7%、66.7%。多因素分析表明术前CEA增高是Ⅰ、Ⅱ期胃癌复发的独立影响因素,术后CA72-4增高是Ⅲ期胃癌复发的独立影响因素。结论:对于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期胃癌,术前CEA水平是预测复发较好的因子;对于Ⅲ期胃癌,术后CA72-4水平的预测性较好。

胃癌 肿瘤标志物 术后复发

在中国,胃癌早期诊断较为困难,大多数患者就诊时病期较晚,即使行根治性手术切除后,复发率仍较高[1]。复发患者缺乏有效的治疗措施,预后较差[2],21.8%~49.5%的患者死于胃癌复发[3-4]。因此,如何在早期判断胃癌患者根治性切除后复发的可能性,是一个很重要的问题。目前国内外公认的标准是肿瘤的TNM分期[5],但是其并没有为肿瘤的预后提供足够的信息。肿瘤标志物检测在胃癌的预后判断中发挥着重要作用[6-7]。血清肿瘤标志物在不同分期胃癌患者中的预后判断方面的报道较少,为了更好地辅助判断胃癌患者术后的复发,制定个体化治疗方案,本研究通过较大样本的回顾性分析,探讨血清肿瘤标志物CEA、CA19-9、CA72-4对不同分期、根治性切除术后的胃癌患者预后判断的价值,以期为临床应用提供相关依据。

1 材料与方法

1.1 临床资料

选取2002年1月至2007年3月在北京大学肿瘤医院就诊的胃癌手术患者564例,其中男性410例,女性154例;平均年龄59.1岁。所有患者均接受根治性手术切除,治疗前均经内镜病理证实为原发性胃癌,术前均未行新辅助治疗。患者无合并其他器官功能衰竭,3个月内未经历急性心脑血管疾病、急性感染及严重创伤。采用2010年美国癌症联合委员会(AJCC)和国际抗癌联盟(UICC)联合制订的恶性肿瘤TNM标准对入组病例进行分期[8]。

1.2 方法

1.2.1 检测方法 取受检者入院时空腹静脉血2~3 mL,于2 h内分离血清,4 h完成检测。CEA、CA19-9和CA72-4测定采用全自动电化学发光免疫分析仪(购自德国罗氏公司)。操作按照试剂说明书进行,3项血清肿瘤标志物检测的正常参考值为:CEA 5.0 μg/L、CA19-9 37.0 kU/L、CA72-4 6.7 kU/L。

1.2.2 随访 患者术后最初2年每3个月返院随访1次,以后每6个月1次,并且由专人采用电话及发信等方式对患者或家属进行随访,截止时间为2013年7月1日,肿瘤复发诊断由组织病理学(外科手术活检、细针穿刺或腹腔液体细胞学检查)、放射学(转移区域进展)及明确的临床症状与体征(皮下增大结节、广泛大量腹水、腹腔肿物等)3种形式完成。随访终点为患者死亡日期。中位随访时间为26个月(6~139个月)。

1.3 统计学分析

采用SPSS 16.0软件进行统计学分析,计数资料用χ2检验,计量资料用t检验或方差分析;采用Logis⁃tic回归模型分析胃癌术后复发的危险因素。以P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 临床病理学及肿瘤标志物关系

患者的临床病理学参数见表1。CEA、CA19-9、CA72-4术前阳性率分别为15.1%、23.0%、17.0%,术后阳性率分别为9.1%、20.5%、13.3%。肿瘤标志物术前检测中,CEA阳性与分化程度、T分期、N分期、脉管癌栓、pTNM分期相关;CA19-9阳性与年龄、分化程度、T分期、N分期、脉管癌栓、肿瘤位置、pTNM分期相关;CA72-4阳性与T分期、pTNM分期相关。

2.2 不同分期的胃癌患者中肿瘤复发与临床病理参数的关系

单因素分析显示,对于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者来说,肿瘤复发与肿瘤分期、脉管癌栓、术前CEA相关;对于Ⅲ期患者,肿瘤复发与患者年龄、位置、脉管癌栓、术后CEA、术后CA19-9、术后CA72-4相关(表2)。

表1 肿瘤标志物与临床病理参数的相关性分析Table 1 Serum tumor markers and clinicopathological factors

表1 肿瘤标志物与临床病理参数的相关性分析(续表1)Table 1 Serum tumor markers and clinicopathological factors

表2 胃癌术后复发与患者临床病理参数的相关性分析Table 2 Postoperative recurrence of gastric cancer and clinicopathological parameters

表2 胃癌术后复发与患者临床病理参数的相关性分析(续表2)Table 2 Postoperative recurrence of gastric cancer and clinicopathological parameters

通过随访结果发现,在Ⅰ、Ⅱ期胃癌患者中,术后CEA、CA19-9、CA72-4预测肿瘤复发的灵敏度为42.9%、21.7%、14.3%,而特异度为80.4%、79.7%、77.9%。此三者比较差异均无统计学意义。在Ⅲ期胃癌患者中,术后CEA、CA19-9、CA72-4预测肿瘤复发的灵敏度为75.0%、66.7%、66.7%,而特异度为55.2%、56.5%、54.2%。其中,CEA、CA19-9、CA72-4均与肿瘤复发相关(P<0.05)。

多因素Logistic回归分析显示,对于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者,肿瘤复发与CEA术前分级显著相关(表3);对于Ⅲ期患者,肿瘤复发与CA72-4术后分级显著相关(表4)。

2.3 肿瘤标志物术前术后变化与不同分期胃癌复发的关系

肿瘤标志物术前、术后的变化预测Ⅰ、Ⅱ期胃癌复发较为困难(表5);对于Ⅲ期胃癌患者,CEA与CA19-9术前、术后的变化有助于预测其复发情况。CEA与CA19-9如果术前为阴性,术后随访为阳性,这类患者复发率较高;而术前为阳性,术后为阴性,此类患者术后复发率较低。

表3 Ⅰ、Ⅱ期胃癌患者术后复发的多因素分析Table 3 Multivariate analysis of postoperative recurrence in patients with stages I and II gastric cancer

表4 Ⅲ期胃癌患者术后复发的多因素分析Table 4 Multivariate analysis of postoperative recurrence in patients with stage III gastric cancer

表5 肿瘤标志物术前术后变化与不同分期胃癌复发的相关性分析Table 5 Correlation of preoperative and postoperative changes in tumor markers with recurrence of gastric cancer in different stages

3 讨论

胃癌是最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,目前应用于胃癌的肿瘤标志物主要有CEA、CA19-9、CA72-4及CA242等。由于检测肿瘤标志物较为简便、无创、可重复检测,患者易于接受,因此临床中广泛地将胃癌标志物应用于胃癌的预后判断。但是胃癌肿瘤标志物在早期胃癌中的敏感度较低,单用术前肿瘤标志物评判术后复发情况尚不明确[9],从而导致其应用受限,联合应用肿瘤标志物对于判断胃癌的预后提供了一个新的诊疗方向[10-11]。既往的研究证实肿瘤标志物升高的肿瘤患者在手术切除后,肿瘤标志物水平出现下降,在复发时又会升高[12],因此有研究推测肿瘤标志物的变化反映了治疗后肿瘤负荷的变化[13],这可能是肿瘤标志物阳性患者预后较差的原因。胃癌患者中,不同研究报道的血清肿瘤标志物的初诊阳性率不同。既往的研究报道,血清肿瘤标志物CEA的初诊阳性率为10.6%~57.6%,CA19-9为8.7%~50%,CA72-4为18.6%~58%[14-19]。本研究结果也大致在这个范围之内,CA72-4阳性率略低,考虑与试剂检测盒有关。

由于目前预测肿瘤术后复发的依据均以TNM分期为主,但是仅凭TNM分期判断预后有其局限之处,特别是对于术前分期的患者[20]。因此,在TNM基础上联合术前、术后肿瘤标志物分析可更好地判断其预后。本研究发现,术前CEA是Ⅰ、Ⅱ期胃癌术后复发的独立影响因素。而其它研究也得出类似结论,表明CEA是胃癌术后复发的独立影响因素[20-22]。得出这样的结果,考虑可能有以下原因:1)通过分析血清肿瘤标志物与临床病理参数间的关系,本研究发现肿瘤标志物CEA、CA19-9阳性与T分期、N分期、脉管癌栓有关,这与文献报道的CEA可以作为转移的预测因子是一致的[23]。2)Kochi等[21]的研究表明CEA与CA19-9相比,能更好地提示胃癌切除的彻底性,并且CEA与胃癌肝转移相关性更密切[24]。亦有研究表明腹膜灌洗液CEA阳性的患者有更高的腹膜复发率[25],可能这是得出该结论的原因。

但是,也有研究认为术前CEA和CA19-9并不是预测胃癌术后复发的独立影响因素,只有CA72-4是影响胃癌预后的独立因素[26-28]。Marrelli等[29]报道术后CEA、CA19-9、CA72-4对于胃癌复发的灵敏度分别为44%、56%、51%,即使在随访时只有1个肿瘤标志物高于正常,敏感性也会达到87%。该研究认为术前CA19-9的水平对于预测肿瘤复发有最高的敏感度,但是术后CEA和术后CA19-9假阳性过高,而术后CA72-4的特异性较好,是预测肿瘤复发的较好标志物。

本研究中,对于Ⅲ期胃癌患者,单因素分析表明术后CEA、CA199、CA72-4的升高均提示肿瘤较高复发率,多因素分析表明术后CA72-4的升高是预测胃癌复发的独立影响因素。虽然CEA与CA199并不是肿瘤复发率的独立影响因素,但比较术前、术后CEA及CA199的变化有助于判断肿瘤复发率的不同,尤其是术前为阴性、术后为阳性更预示着肿瘤高复发率。

近年来,血清肿瘤标志物CA72-4越来越受到关注。有研究报道,CA72-4是胃癌中最敏感且特异性最高的标志物,其表达阳性与进展期胃癌及远处转移密切相关[26,30]。Cidon等[15]认为,CA72-4是疾病进展最好的预测因子。而Kim等[31]的研究发现术后CA72-4及CEA是进展期胃癌术后复发的独立影响因素。本研究证实,CA72-4与肿瘤分期有关,术后CA72-4水平是Ⅲ期胃癌术后复发的独立影响因素。

Reiter等[32]报道CEA、CA19-9、CA72-4不是姑息性切除手术患者预后的影响因素,但是发现升高的CEA和CA19-9是根治性手术切除患者的独立影响因素。本研究发现对于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者,CEA和CA19-9升高时患者复发率无明显变化,但是对于Ⅲ期患者,CEA和CA19-9升高时患者复发率明显升高。因此,本研究认为术后肿瘤标志物CEA和CA19-9升高时可以预测Ⅲ期胃癌患者较大的复发可能,需要引起特别重视。

综上所述,关于肿瘤标志物预测胃癌患者术后复发可能的研究较多,甚至有些结论相互冲突。本研究将胃癌患者通过TNM分期细化,进一步研究不同肿瘤标志物对于不同分期胃癌患者可能的影响,可发现Ⅰ、Ⅱ期胃癌患者,术前CEA水平是预测复发较好的标志物;对于Ⅲ期胃癌患者,术后CA72-4对复发的预测价值更大。术前CEA与CA19-9阴性的患者如术后随访为阳性,预示肿瘤复发率较高。通过术前、术后密切随访肿瘤标志物并观察其变化趋势,能早期发现复发和转移病灶,对指导治疗、评估预后有重要意义。

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(2016-11-07收稿)

(2017-04-10修回)

(编辑:武斌 校对:周晓颖)

Predictive value of preoperative and postoperative serum tumor markers CEA,CA19-9, and CA72-4 in the diagnosis of gastric cancer recurrence at different stages

Guodong WANG1,Aiwen WU2,Ziyu LI2,Lianhai ZHANG2,Jiafu JI2

Aiwen WU;E-mail:wuaw@sina.com
1ICU,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research(Ministry of Education/Beijing),Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute,Beijing 100142,China;2Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery,Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research(Ministry of Education Beijing),Peking University School of Oncology,Beijing 100142,China

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of preoperative and postoperative serum tumor markers,namely,carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9),and CA72-4,in the diagnosis of gastric cancer recurrence at different stages.Methods:Analysis was performed in 564 patients who underwent curative resection for gastric cancer between January 2002 and March 2007,received no chemotherapy at our hospital,and received complete follow-up according to the schedule determined prospectively.The values of CEA,CA19-9,and CA72-4 were evaluated before and after surgery.Results:In the pTNM-I and pTNM-II stage groups,patients with positive preoperative serum CEA,CA19-9,and CA72-4 levels showed recurrence rates of 50.0%,24.1%,and 22.6%,respectively.Similarly,the recurrence rates of patients with positive postoperative serum CEA,CA72-4,and CA19-9 levels were 42.9%,21.7%,and 14.3%,respectively.Multivariate analysis showed that the positive preoperative serum CEA level could be an independent factor of recurrence.In the pTNM-III stage group,the recurrence rates of patients with positive preoperative serum CEA, CA19-9,and CA72-4 levels were 50.0%,55.2%,and 47.6%,respectively.The recurrence rates of patients with positive postoperative serum CEA,CA19-9,and CA72-4 levels were 75.0%,66.7%,and 66.7%,respectively.Multivariate analysis showed that high postoperative serum CA72-4 levels could be an independent factor of gastric cancer recurrence.Conclusion:Serum tumor markers exhibited different predictive values in different pTNM stages.Preoperative CEA level could be used to predict recurrence in patients with pTNM-I and pTNM-II stages of gastric cancer.Moreover,postoperative CA72-4 level could be used to predict recurrence in patients with pTNM-III stage gastric cancer.

gastric cancer,serum tumor marker,postoperative recurrence

10.3969/j.issn.1000-8179.2017.07.280

①北京大学肿瘤医院暨北京市肿瘤防治研究所ICU,恶性肿瘤发病机制及转化研究教育部重点实验室(北京市100142);②胃肠肿瘤中心

*本文课题受北京市卫生系统215高技术人才项目(编号:2013-3-085)资助

武爱文 wuaw@sina.com

王国栋 专业方向为胃肠道肿瘤临床及基础治疗,胃肠道术后危重症处理等。

E-mail:wgd0634@163.com

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