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齿兰环斑病毒RT-RPA荧光实时检测体系的构建与应用

2025-08-18吴洁秋庄华才谭志勇李早范俊强傅海平徐匆

热带作物学报 2025年7期
关键词:花叶病毒兰花探针

摘" 要:齿兰环斑病毒(Odontoglossum ringspot virus, ORSV)是危害兰花的主要致病病毒之一,该病毒导致兰花叶片黄化、出现斑块,花朵畸形,对兰花的观赏性和商业价值影响极大。为实现ORSV的早期快速检测,本研究根据GenBank数据库中兰花齿兰环斑病毒外壳蛋白cp基因的保守区域设计、筛选RT-RPA引物和探针,优化扩增条件,建立基于RPA的ORSV快速检测技术;对RT-RPA特异性和灵敏性进行测定,并通过开展田间样品检测试验,以验证该检测技术在生产上的应用可行性。结果表明:RT-RPA的最佳扩增引物组合为F1/R1,荧光探针为P1,最佳扩增温度为41 ℃,扩增时间为20 min;特异性良好,对建兰花叶病毒、黄瓜花叶病毒无交叉反应;灵敏度较高,ORSV核酸最低检测浓度达到2.8×10–5 ng/μL。田间样品检测中,采用齿兰环斑病毒为阳性对照,ddH2O为阴性对照,20份蝴蝶兰样本均检出ORSV,与TaqMan探针RT-qPCR (real time quantitative PCR)检测结果一致。本研究建立的ORSV RT-RPA荧光实时检测技术,具有快速、灵敏、准确和简便的优点,且适用于田间样品检测,为兰花病害预防、切断感染源和控制ORSV的传播提供有效方法,有助于兰花产业的健康发展。

关键词:兰花;齿兰环斑病毒;反转录-重组酶聚合酶扩增(RT-RPA);检测中图分类号:S436.8 """""文献标志码:A

Construction and Application of RT-RPA Fluorescence Real-time Detection System for Odontoglossum Ringspot Virus

WU Jieqiu, ZHUANG Huacai, TAN Zhiyong, LI Zaowen, FAN Junqiang, FU Haiping, XU Cong*

Dongguan Agricultural Science Research Center, Dongguan, Guangdong 523000, China

Abstract: Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV), one of the major pathogens affecting orchids, seriously degrade the ornamental and economic value of orchids by causing leaf chlorosis, mottling, and floral deformities. To enable early-stage diagnosis, this study developed a rapid reverse transcription-recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) assay targeting ORSV. Primers and a fluorescent probe were designed based on conserved regions of the ORSV coat protein (CP) gene. Specificity, sensitivity and field applicability of the assay were systematically validated in this study. Results identified F1/R1 as the optimal primer pair, enabling amplification within 20 minutes at 41 ℃. The method exhibited high specificity, distinguishing ORSV from Cymbidium mosaic virus and Cucumber mosaic virus, and achieved a detection limit of 2.8×10–5 ng/μL total RNA. Practical verification result of 20 Phalaenopsis field samples showed 100% concordance with TaqMan qPCR results. The RT-RPA assay would provide a rapid, sensitive, and field-deployable tool for ORSV surveillance, supporting timely disease management and sustainable orchid cultivation. Its simplicity and reliability make it particularly valuable for large-scale screening in industrial orchid production systems.

Keywords: Orchidaceae; Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV); reverse transcription-recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA); detection

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.07.021

兰科(Orchidaceae)植物,也称兰花(orchid),是物种最丰富的植物之一,大约有30 000种,其花朵美丽独特、颜色鲜艳,芳香四散,受到世界各地人们的喜爱,是国际花卉市场的热销花卉之一[1-2]。除经济效益外,兰花还有生态、观赏、药用、美学和文化等诸多价值,广泛用于食品、医药、化妆品、饮料、传统工艺等领域[3-4]。然而,兰花在栽植过程中遭受病虫等危害,尤其是病毒侵染引起的种质退化、产量和质量下降已经成为兰花生产的一个棘手问题,目前尚无有效的防治措施,一旦感染病毒病则会造成很大的经济损失。……

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