[摘要]目的：探讨3D打印技术辅助对上颌骨缺损修复手术骨增量的效果及精确度的影响。方法：选取2020年6月-2023年6月笔者医院收治的上颌骨缺损修复重建的患者48例为此次试验的对象。对照组采取常规颏部取骨到上颌移植修复治疗，观察组采用样品实验法经3D打印1∶1比例的颌骨作为模型样本，通过3D打印导板辅助种植体植入模拟牙槽骨骨移植手术。比较两种手术方法患者的骨增量变化、下颌各位点移动距离及种植体偏离距离、角度。结果：观察组牙槽骨高度、骨宽度变化值均大于对照组（P＜0.05）；与对照组相比，观察组手术前后下颌各位点（A、B、C、D、E）的移动距离均明显减少（P＜0.05）；精确度结果显示，观察组种植体偏离距离、偏离角度均小于对照组，且差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：3D打印技术辅助对上颌骨缺损修复手术骨增量的效果显著，有效提高手术的精准度，从而提高手术效果。

[关键词]3D打印技术；下颌骨缺损；骨增量；口腔功能；精准度；美学效果

[中图分类号]R783.6" " [文献标志码]A" " [文章编号]1008-6455（2025）08-0044-03

The Effect and Accuracy of 3D Printing Technology on Bone Increment in Maxillofacial Defect Repair Surgery

GUO Sheng1， PENG Jing2， LU Ruqing1， LIU Gen1， LI Ke3， YAO Jun4

（ 1.Department of Dental Cosmetology， 2.Department of General， 3.Department of Prosthodontics， 4.Department of Personnel Science and Education， Changsha Stomatological Hospital， Changsha 410000， Hunan， China ）

Abstract： Objective" To explore the influence of 3D printing technology on the effect and accuracy of bone increment in maxillary defect repair surgery. Methods" This study included 48 patients with maxillary defect repair and reconstruction from June 2020 to June 20203. In the control group， conventional mental bone extraction to maxillary transplantation was used for repair. The observation group used the 1：1 ratio of jaw bone by 3D printing as the model sample， and 3D printing guide plate assisted implant implantation to simulate alveolar bone transplantation. Compare the bone increment change， movement distance of jaw and implant deviation distance between the two surgical methods. Results" The change values of alveolar bone height and bone width in the observation group were greater than those of the control group （P＜0.05）. Compared with the control group， the movement distance of the jaw points （A， B， C， D， E） before and after the observation group was significantly reduced （P＜0.05）. The precision results showed that the implant bias distance and bias angle in the observation group were less than those of the control group， and the difference was statistically significant （P＜0.05）. Conclusion" 3D printing technology can repair the maxillary bone defect， effectively improve the accuracy of surgery， and thus improve the surgical effect.

Key words： 3D printing technology; mandibular defect; bone increment; oral function; precision; aesthetic effect

随着口腔种植技术在临床中的推广，以及人们对口腔健康要求的提高，越来越多的患者选择对缺失牙进行种植修复治疗[1]。然而种植手术应用前有其特定要求，一般需要牙槽骨的形态、骨量、密度、支撑能力达到术前要求[2]。对于牙槽骨条件较差的患者，需要在借助种植手术导板进行种植牙手术之前，对其牙槽骨的缺损位置进行骨移植、骨增量[3]。牙槽骨移植和固定的方式受医生的人为操作影响较大，效率和标准化程度较低，存在手术隐患，也容易导致患者术后效果达不到理想状态[4]。……