粪菌移植在非消化系统疾病临床应用中的研究进展
2025-08-09李瑞英衣桂荣于忆
ResearchProgressofFecal MicrobiotaTransplantationinClinical ApplicationofNon-digestive SystemDiseases/LIRuiying,YIGuirong,YUYi.//Medical InnovationofChina,2025,22(16):169-173
[Abstract]Intestinal flora isa group of microorganisms that colonizethe host's gastrointestinal tract. Under physiological conditions,itcoexists harmoniously with the host and maintainsthe homeostasis and balance of the body.Intestinalflora dysregulation isassociated with theoccurrnceand developmentofvariousdiseases.Fecal microbiota transplantation,asoneof theinterventionmethods to improve intestinalfloradysregulation,hasbeen applied invarious digestive system diseases,meanwhile,its role innon-digestive system diseaseshas beengradually recognized.This articleaims toreview theapplication progress of fecal microbiota transplantation in metabolic diseases, neurological diseases,cardiovascular diseases,respiratory diseases,etc., with the expectation of providing a new research direction for the clinical application of fecal microbiota transplantation.
[Key Words]Intestinal floraFecal microbiota transplantationDiabetes melitusParkinson's disease Alzheimer's diseaseMultiple sclerosisCardiovascular diseaseRespiratory diseases
First-author's addres: Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2025.16.040
肠道菌群是定植于宿主胃肠道的微生物群,生理情况下其与宿主和谐共处,维持机体稳态平衡;病理情况下出现肠道菌群失调,与多种疾病发生发展相关。粪菌移植(fecalmicrobiotatransplantation,FMT)作为改善肠道菌群失调的干预方式之一,被应用于难治性艰难梭菌感染(CDI)等消化系统疾病,同时其在非消化系统疾病治疗中的作用也逐渐被认识。本文旨在对FMT在代谢性疾病、神经精神疾病、心血管疾病、呼吸系统疾病等中的治疗进展做一综述,以期为其在非消化系统疾病中的临床应用提供新思路及研究方向。
1肠道菌群及FMT概述
肠道菌群是指定植于宿主胃肠道的微生物群,其与宿主是一种互利共生关系。人类的肠道细菌数量多达100万亿,有“第二基因组”之称[。构成人类肠道菌群的主要有四大类群:厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门、放线菌门、变形菌门,前两种占 90% 左右[2]。这个庞大复杂的生态系统参与人体稳态机制的调节,如营养代谢、维持肠黏膜屏障完整性、参与饱腹感调节、病原体防御和免疫系统调节等[2]。当受到环境因素、病毒、宿主基因、药物等影响时,其类群及数量发生变化,从而出现肠道菌群失调。研究表明,肠道菌群失调与肠道艰难梭菌感染、炎症性肠病、肠易激综合征、慢性肝病等消化系统疾病相关,但近年来,其与非消化系统疾病的关系逐渐被人们认识[3]。
FMT作为重塑肠道菌群的重要方法,是将健康人粪便中的功能菌群移植到患者肠道内,重建具有正常功能的肠道菌群,改善菌群失调,实现肠道及肠道外疾病的治疗的手段。……
