中图分类号：S513：S153.6 文献标识号：A 文章编号：1001-4942（2025）06-0055-09

AbstractIn order to explore the effects of tillage measures and straw returning methods on soil physicochemical characteristics and corn yield，a two-year field positioning experiment was conducted by seting five treatments including rotary tillage with no straw returning （CK），rotary tillage with crushed straw returning （RTS），rotary tillage with straw biochar returning（RTB），deep tillage with crushed straw returning（DPS）， and deep tillage with straw biochar returning（DPB）. The effcts of the five treatments on soil physical structure，nutrient content，enzyme activity and corn yield were studied.The results showed that compared with CK，all the tilage and straw returning treatments could improve soil structure，and increase soil nutrient content， enzyme activity and corn yield. The proportion of 0.25～1mm particle size aggregates under RTB and DPB treatments significantly increased by 5.44% and 6.16% compared to CK，while that of 1～2mm particle size aggregates under DPB and DPS treatments significantly increased by 9.59% and 7.74% ，respectively. The proportion of gt;2 mm particle size aggregates under DPB treatment significantly increased by 5.48% compared to CK. The R_gt;0.25 value of soil aggregates under DPS and DPB treatments significantly increased by 5.25% and 5.35% compared to CK，respectively. The mean weight diameter （MWD） value of RTB and DPB treatments significantly increased by 6.67% and 11.11% compared to CK，respectively. The organic matter，available phosphorus and available potassium contents in soil treated by RTB and DPB significantly increased by （20 8.34% ， 7.75% and 9.48% ，and 10.06% ， 5.33% ，and 6.32% ，respectively compared to CK. The DPB treatment significantly increased the activities of soil urease，sucrose，catalase and alkaline phosphatase compared to CK. The corn yield under different treatments showed DPB gt; RTB gt; DPS gt; RTS gt; CK（in 2023）. Correlation analysis results showed that there were very significant positive correlations between corn yield and soil porosity and urease activity，but a very significant negative corelation between corn yield and soil bulk density，indicating hat corn yield was greatly influenced by soil structure and enzymes activities. In summary，compared with CK，different tilage measures and straw returning methods could improve soil structure，soil quality and corn yield，and the treatment of deep tilage with straw biochar returning performed relatively well.

KeywordsTillage measure； Straw returning； Biochar； Soil physicochemical characteristics； CornYield

玉米位列我国四大粮食作物之首，全国各地均有种植，它不仅是重要的粮食作物，还是饲料加工、制糖酿酒以及石油化工等行业的重要原料，对国家粮食安全和经济发展有着不可替代的重要作用。化肥对农业增产的贡献率达 35%～66% ，是玉米等农作物高产稳产的主要影响因素之一[1]但长期施用化肥会引起土壤养分失衡和土壤微生物群落结构的改变，导致土壤理化性质变差和土壤质量退化，过量施肥等不合理的施肥方式甚至导致土壤酸化板结，反而不利于作物增产和品质改善。

受能源结构改变的影响，农作物收获后的秸秆有机废弃物不再是农村生活中的主要燃料来源，常出现季节性、区域性和结构性的过剩现象，有的甚至被遗弃在乡村沟河之中，既造成资源的浪费又污染了环境[2]。秸秆含有丰富的有机质和氮磷钾等矿质营养元素。秸秆还田能够提高土壤肥力，改善土壤质量，提高土壤水分利用率等，有利于作物增产，同时实现秸秆的废物再利用。生物炭由生物材料在缺氧条件下通过高温热解碳化而成，具有结构稳定、孔隙度高、有机碳高等特点，是农业秸秆废弃物资源化利用的又一重要途径[3]。生物炭还田同样可以改良土壤结构，提升地力，促进作物增产增收，但不同的生物炭来源及土质状况均影响生物炭的还田效果[4]

另外，不同耕作措施对土壤的微环境、理化性质、养分状况及植株生长的影响亦存在差异[5]旋耕可以减少田间杂草数量，改善表层土壤结构，有利于其通气透水；……