新型熔铸载体DNP炸药的临界直径研究
2025-08-03刘攀毕晓露朱英中林文鹏应武江张向荣周霖
Study on the Critical Diameter of the New Melt-Cast Matrix DNP Explosives
LIU Pan(D2) , BI Xiaolu①, ZHU Yingzhong①②,LIN Wenpeng①, YING Wujiang②, ZHANG Xiangrong②, ZHOU Lin② (20 ① Chongqing Hongyu Precision Industry Group Co.,Ltd.(Chongqing,402760) ② State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and SafetyProtection,Beijing Institute of Technology(Beijing,100081)
[ABSTRACT]Inorder torevealthe detonation propagation characteristicsof thenew melt-cast matrix 3,4-dinitrophyrazole(DNP),atwo-dimensionalaxisymmetric numerical calculation model of cylindrical charges was established.The propagation processof the detonation wave of DNP explosive was numericallysimulated using calibrated parameters of the ignition-growth reactionrate equation.Aditionally,the critical diameterof DNP melted explosivewas measuredusing the continuous wire method.Theresults showthatthecalculated critical diameterofDNPexplosiveis 8.2O mm,and the measured critical diameterofDNPexplosive is7.88mm.Thecalculated valuesare in goodagreement with theexperimental values.Bycombining experiments with numerical simulations,the critical diameterof DNPmelt-cast explosives canbe studied,which can provide reference for the formulation design and warhead structure design of DNP explosives.
[KEYWORDS]3,4-dinitropyrazole (DNP);critical diameter;continuous wire method; numerical simulation
0 引言
随着俄乌冲突的不断升级以及各国军事力量的迅猛发展,炸药作为武器系统中的核心元素,引起了全球科研工作者越来越多的关注与深入研究。在炸药领域的相关研究中,炸药的临界直径作为一项至关重要的参数备受关注。临界直径不仅直接影响炸药的破坏力和能量输出,而且与炸药的安全性及在实际应用中的效率密切相关。
炸药的临界直径,更具体而言,指的是使爆轰波得以稳定传播所需的最小装药直径。对于达到临界直径的药柱,引爆压力近似等于CJ压力。随着装药直径的进一步增大,引爆压力逐渐减小,但爆速持续增加。然而,当装药直径达到某一极限尺寸后,继续增加直径将不再提高爆速[1]。同时,临界直径的研究也推动对炸药爆炸反应动态过程的理解,从而优化爆炸效率,并提高炸药的安全性。例如,在实验室环境中,使用亚临界炸药装药,将大大降低炸药发生爆炸事件的风险。因此,在使用炸药之前,准确计算和测量临界直径[2]是一项不可或缺的重要步骤,可确保炸药的能量输出以及可靠性。
作为一种新型熔铸炸药载体,3,4-二硝基吡唑(DNP)在炸药领域具备广阔的应用前景[34]。DNP具备适宜的熔点( (85°C )、较高的密度 (1.87g/ cm3 ),以及较高的能量密度( 8202J/cm3 )。此外,在爆速、爆压等性能方面,DNP炸药也表现出优于TNT的特性,并且热感度、机械感度较TNT更低[46]。然而,目前关于DNP 炸药临界直径的研究尚未见报道,而该参数正是研究炸药性能中的重要因素之一。……
