[摘要] 目的 了解2021年和2023年天津市宝坻区中小学生营养状况，为改善学生营养状况提供科学依据。方法 采取分层随机整群抽样法选取天津市宝坻区12所学校，分别于2021年和2023年的9月至11月开展研究，包括问卷调查、体格检查和生化指标测定。结果 与2021年同性别、同年龄学生比较，2023年7～13岁男生和7～12岁女生的身高显著增加，8岁和11岁男女生体质量均显著增加。与2021年比较，2023年男生超重和肥胖率显著降低，男女生消瘦率显著增加。2023年学生的贫血率和血清铁蛋白、维生素A、维生素D缺乏率分别为12.25%、3.77%、15.70%和50.31%，与2021年比较差异无统计学意义（Pgt;0.05）。2023年学生的营养知识知晓率和相关行为比例较2021年显著提高。结论 2023年中小学生的超重、肥胖率较2021年降低，贫血和血清铁蛋白、维生素A、维生素D缺乏无改善，亟须开展针对性干预活动。

[关键词] 中小学生；营养状况；营养改善；营养健康教育

[中图分类号] R153.2" """"[文献标识码] A """""[DOI] 10.3969/j.issn.1673-9701.2025.18.010

Analysis of nutritional status of primary and middle school students in Baodi district， Tianjin

TAN Xiaoqiong， LIU Manman， LI Yuanjie

Department of Chronic Disease Control and Prevention， Baodi District Center for Disease Control and Prevention， Baodi District Institute for Health Supervision， Tianjin 301800， China

[Abstract] Objective To analyze the nutrition status of primary and middle school students in Baodi district， Tianjin in 2021 and 2023， as to provide scientific basis for improving the nutritional status of students. Methods A stratified random cluster sampling method was adopted to select 12 schools in Baodi district， Tianjin. Students’ nutrition status were assessed from September to November of every year in 2021 and 2023， including questionnaire survey， physical examination and biochemical indicators. Results Compared with the same gender and age students in 2021， the height of boys aged 7-13 and girls aged 7-12 will significantly increase in 2023， while the body mass of boys and girls aged 8 and 11 will significantly increase. Compared with 2021， the overweight and obesity rates among males have significantly decreased in 2023， while the emaciation rates among males and females have significantly increased. The anemia rate， serum ferritin and vitamin A， and vitamin D deficiency rate among students in 2023 were 12.25%， 3.77%， 15.70%， and 50.31%， respectively， with no statistically significant difference compared to 2021 （Pgt;0.05）. The awareness rate of nutrition knowledge and the proportion of related behaviors among students in 2023 have significantly increased compared to 2021. Conclusion Compared with 2021， the overweight and obesity rates among primary and secondary school students will decrease in 2023， while anemia， serum ferritin， vitamin A， and vitamin D deficiencies will not improve. Targeted intervention activities are urgently needed.

[Key words] Primary and middle school students; Nutritional status; Nutritional improvement; Nutrition education

青少年正处于生长发育的关键阶段，也是培养健康饮食习惯的关键期^[1]。随着生活水平的不断提高，儿童与青少年面临营养缺乏和营养过剩的双重风险^[2]。营养健康教育是改善中小学生营养健康状况最有效、经济的干预方法之一。通过从小培养青少年的健康饮食行为，将使其终身受益^[3]。本研究通过分析2021年和2023年天津市宝坻区中小学生的营养状况，为进一步完善中小学生营养改善政策提供参考。

1 "资料与方法

1.1" 一般资料

采取分层随机整群抽样法，按不低于10%比例随机抽取小学和初中共12所学校（8所小学和4所中学）作为调查学校，从已确定的调查学校中按年级分层，以教学班为单位随机抽取1个班级（约40人，人数不够从邻近班级补充）作为调查对象，测定学生的身高、体质量。……