基于数学建模的汽车发动机电子控制系统优化
2025-07-13王丽敏王慧
中图分类号:U463.6 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1003-8639(2025)06-0152-03
Optimization of Automotive Engine Electronic Control System Based on Mathematical Modeling
WangLimin,WangHui
(School of Mathematicsand Information Science,Zhengzhou Shengda University,Zhengzhou 450o,China)
【Abstract】Theelectronic control system of automotiveengines is thecore technology for improving the power performance,fueleficiencyandemissionlevelofvehicles.The traditionalcontrol method isdificulttoadapttocomplex workingconditions duetothe fixedparameter seting.However,theelectroniccontrol system(ECU)realizes the dynamicadjustmentof multipleparameters through theclosed-loopcoordinationofsensors,controlunitsandactuators. Thisarticlemainlyanalyzes thecompositionarchitectureandfunctionsofthesystem,explores itsapplication mechanisms in powerperformance optimization,fuel eficiencyand emission balance,and improvementof driving experience,andfocuses onstudying the optimization methodsbased on mathematical modeling,including the collaborative optimization of power and fuelconsumption bythestate spacemodeland the precise driving of emission controlbythechemicalreactionkineticsmodel.AndtheimprovementofsystemrobustnessbyLyapunov'sstability theory.Studies show that mathematical modeling technologycaneffectively improve the responsespeed,stabilityand environmentaladaptabilityof thesystem.Itisexpectedtoprovidesometheoretical supportfortherefinedregulationof the engine control system.
【Key Words】mathematical modeling ;automobile engine;electronic control system;power optimization;emission :ontrol;robustness
0 引言
汽车发动机作为车辆的核心动力源,其性能直接决定车辆的动力性、燃油效率与排放水平。随着全球环保法规的日益严苛及消费者对高性能汽车需求的提升,如何在保障动力输出的同时实现油耗与排放的协同控制,成为汽车技术领域的关键挑战。传统发动机控制依赖固定参数设定,难以动态适应复杂工况与环境变化。电子控制技术的革新推动了发动机电子控制系统ECU的普及,其通过实时监控与参数调节提升了系统适应性,但高效控制策略的开发仍需依托数学建模技术,以精准刻画发动机动态特性及环境耦合关系。基于此,本文围绕数学建模在发动机电子控制系统中的应用展开研究,旨在为系统精准调节提供理论支撑,推动汽车综合性能的全面提升。
1系统架构解析
汽车发动机电子控制系统通过电子技术与机械系统的深度融合,构建了以传感器、控制单元、执行器为核心的闭环控制网络,实现了对发动机工作状态的精准调控。该系统通过实时数据采集、智能决策与动态执行,显著提升了发动机的动力性、经济性与环保性。汽车发动机电子控制系统的组成与功能如表1所示。

传感器模块作为系统的“感知层”,负责捕捉关键运行参数。氧传感器实时监测尾气氧含量,为燃油喷射量调节提供依据;节气门位置传感器反馈油门开度,辅助ECU识别驾驶意图。……
