基于PLC控制的汽车生产线自动化系统设计与实现
2025-07-13董慧洁陆小辉张谦
中图分类号:U468.22 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1003-8639(2025)06-0128-03
Designand Implementationof AutomobileProductionLine Automation System BasedonPLCContro
DongHuijie,Lu Xiaohui,ZhangQian
(School of Inteligent Manufacturing,Zhengzhou Universityof Economicsand Business,Zhengzhou 45ooo,China)
【Abstract】The automation of automotive production lines is constrained by thecontradiction betweenscale and personalization.Withtheriseofnewenergyvehicle models,traditional production linesaredificult toadapttomultiplatformco-lineproduction,and theexisting PLC control systemshavemanydrawbacks.Withtheaidof industrial InternetofThingsandedgecomputing technologies,thisarticleproposesadistributedPLCcontrolarchitectureof \"edgecloud\"collaboration,integrates theOPC UAunifiedcommunication framework,developsaself-learning algorithmfor process parametersbasedonmachinevision,andbuildsavirtualdebuggngsystemdrivenbydigitaltwins.Byrationally selectingequipmentand sensors,designing communicationand human-machine interfaces,andachieving hardware setup,program writingand debugging,as wellassystem operationoptimization,the interconnection and model change eficiencyofproductionlineequipmentcanbeeffctivelyimproved,providinga feasiblesolutionforintelligent automotive manufacturing and facilitating thereduction of manual interventionand costs.
【Key Words】 PLC control;automobile production line;automation system;system design
0 引言
汽车生产线自动化面临规模化与个性化的矛盾。新能源车型占比上升,传统单一车型产线难以满足多平台共线生产,频繁换夹具、调参数导致设备利用率低。现有PLC(可编程逻辑控制器)控制系统多为分层架构,底层设备靠硬接线与私有协议通信,产线重组调试周期长,制约柔性化。焊接机器人路径规划、涂胶机流量控制等核心工艺依赖人工预设参数,无法随来料公差、环境温湿度动态调整。工业物联网与边缘计算技术成熟,为PLC系统向分布式智能控制发展提供契机。本文集成OPCUA统一通信框架,开发基于机器视觉的工艺参数自学习算法,构建数字孪生驱动的虚拟调试系统,提升生产线设备互联与换型效率,为汽车智能制造提供方案。
1汽车生产线自动化系统概述
1.1汽车生产线的工作流程与组成
汽车生产线涵盖原材料加工至整车下线流程,由冲压、焊接、涂装、总装4大工艺工段构成。冲压工段用压力机冲压钢板成车身覆盖件,焊接工段借机器人集群组焊部件保障车身刚性,涂装工段经电泳等工序实现车身防腐与装饰,总装工段负责零部件装配与调试。各工段由传送带、AGV及升降机衔接,形成生产节拍。核心设备为冲压机,配备视觉检测等品质控制装置。物流系统靠立体仓库等模块保障零部件供应。自动化系统通过设备协同与数据贯通,实现从离散到连续生产的升级,面临多设备协议兼容等挑战。……
