人工智能在自动驾驶技术中的应用与挑战
2025-07-13田峰林
中图分类号:U463.6 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1003-8639(2025)06-0060-0
TheApplication and Challenges of Artificial Intelligence in Autonomous Driving Technology Tian Fenglin
(Zhengzhou Professonal Technical Institute of Electronics Information,Zhengzhou ,China)
【Abstract】With the continuous advancement of artificial intellgence technology,autonomous driving has become animportantcomponentofintellgenttransportationsystems.Thisarticlefocusesontheapplicationofartificial intelligence in autonomous driving technology,systematically analyzes theimplementationpathsand challengesof key technologiessuch asperception technology,decision-making and path planning,control and execution systems,and explorestypicalapplicationscenariossuchasurbanroads,expressways,andunmanneddelivery.The system performance was verified through multi-scenario experiments,and it was found that structured roads performed well but there were problems such as decreased perception accuracyand response delayin complex environments.Further analyze thechallenges from theaspects of technology,regulations and ethics,and propose response strategies such as multimodal fusionenhancement,\"simulation-realscene\"joint training,and phasedlegislation,providing theoretical references for the reliability improvement and large-scale application of autonomous driving technology.
【Keywords】artificial intelligence;autonomous driving;multi-sensor fusion;deep reinforcement learning; perception technology
0 引言
自动驾驶技术作为未来交通领域的重要发展方向,正从试验室逐步迈向实际应用阶段。随着技术的持续突破,人工智能领域的深度学习、强化学习以及机器视觉等技术,为自动驾驶系统的智能化发展提供了有力支撑。本文将围绕人工智能在自动驾驶技术中的应用展开深入探讨,详细阐述感知技术、决策与路径规划、控制系统等方面的实现方法,并分析其面临的技术挑战,以期为自动驾驶技术的进一步发展提供参考。
1人工智能在自动驾驶中的关键技术
自动驾驶系统架构示意如图1所示。
1.1 感知技术

感知技术是自动驾驶系统的“感官神经”,其核心在于通过多模态传感器融合实现对环境的精准感知。
目前,主流方案通常采用摄像头、激光雷达LiDAR、毫米波雷达等多种传感器构建冗余感知网络。其中,摄像头借助深度学习算法,如视觉目标检测算法(YouOnlyLook Once,YOLO)、鸟瞰图 算法(Bird's-eyeViewFormer,BEVFormer),能够实现车道线识别、交通标志检测以及行人姿态估计。激光雷达则通过点云分割技术(如PointPillars算法)构建高精度三维环境模型,可有效识别低反射率障碍物,例如黑色车辆。然而,多传感器融合过程中面临着数据时空同步与校准的难题。为解决这一问题,部分企业采用前融合(如特斯拉占用网络OccupancyNetwork)与后融合(如谷歌旗下子公司Waymo的多视图融合Multi-viewFusion)混合架构,并通过注意力机制动态加权不同传感器的置信度。
1.2 决策与路径规划 ……p>
