汽车电动转向系统中的电机控制技术与可靠性分析
2025-07-13张钧宇
中图分类号:U463.4 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1003-8639(2025)06-0140-03
MotorControl Technology and Reliability Analysis in Electric Steering System of Automobil
Zhang Junyu
(Henan Vocational College of Water Conservancy and Environment,Zhengzhou 45ooo8,China)
【Abstract】As the electrificationand intelligence of vehicles accelerate,electric power steering(EPS)systems, as thecoreactuatorforvehicle handling safetyand driving experience,have becomea key technological area in new energy intellgentvehicles.Traditional mechanical hydraulicsteeringsystemssufferfromhighenergyconsumptionand delayed dynamicresponse.Current EPS systems face challenges such asnonlinear fluctuations inasstcharacteristics undercomplexoperatingconditions,multi-physics fieldcoupling interference,andupgraded functionalsafetyrequirements. The corecontradictionisreflected in thebalance between motorcontrolaccuracyand systemlong-termreliability.This papersystematicallyinvestigateskeytechnical issesrelatedtomotorcontrolandreliabilityassuranceinautomotive electric stering systems,aiming to provide theoretical support and practical models for the optimization andupgradeof intelligent electric vehicle safety architectures.
【Key Words】 electric steering;motor control;vehicle steering system
电动助力转向系统(ElectricPowerSteering,EPS)作为替代传统液压装置的核心电控执行机构,凭借其精准助力特性与能量回收能力,已成为提升车辆操控安全性与能效经济性的关键载体。同时,智能驾驶等级向 L3+ 演进对转向系统提出更严苛要求:一方面需实现转向力矩的毫米级动态调节以保证车道保持与紧急避障功能;另一方面必须在高振动、宽温域等复杂工况下维持十年以上的服役寿命。当前EPS技术发展面临多重技术壁垒。控制层面上,转向电机需在机械阻抗快速变化时仍保持转矩输出稳定性,而路面激励的随机性与驾驶行为的不确定性导致传统PID控制难以保证全域工况下的助力平顺性。可靠性维度上,EPS执行器长期承受交变机械应力与电力电子器件的热应力耦合作用,易诱发传感器漂移、绕组绝缘老化等潜在失效模式,而现有验证方法多依赖标准测试工况,对实际复杂运行
环境的模拟仍有不足[2]。
1EPS系统架构及电机动力学模型
1.1系统组成与原理
EPS系统本质为传感器-控制器-执行器的闭环伺服控制系统,其构成与功能见表1。

控制系统以扭矩传感器信号为输入基准,结合车速、转向角等参数构建助力特性MAP图,通过电流闭环调控实现可变助力比输出。ECU同时监测电机绕组温度、电源电压等状态参数,触发过载降额或失效安全模式以保证功能完整性。
1.2 动力学建模
永磁同步电机在旋转坐标系(d-q轴)下的动态方程为:……p>
