Effects of biochar-based fertilizer on pepper growth and rhizosphere soi bacterial community structure

WANG Weiwei， SHEN Feng， MEI Yi， WU Yongcheng， ZHENG Jiaqiu， ZHANG Lina，

FENG Ruchao， ZU Yanxia， LIU Zhe

（Jiangsu Coastal Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences，Yancheng 2240O2，China）

Abstract：Inorder to clarifytheefects of biochar-based fertilizer onpepper growthand development，nutrient absorption，soil physicaland chemical properties and microbial community structure，a pot experiment was conducted in this study，with treatments including no fertilizationcontrol（CK）and compound fertilizer（HF）with N， P₂0₅ and K₂O contents of 15% ， 15% and 15% ，biochar-based fertilizer1（TF1）with N， P₂0₅ and K₂O contents of 15% ， 15% and 15% ， biochar-based fertilizer 2（TF2）with N， P₂O₅ and K₂O contents of 15% ， 10% and 10% ，biochar-based fertilizer 3（TF3）

with N， P₂0₅ and K₂O contents of 10% ！ 10% and 10% ， respectively.Theeffectsofbiochar-basedfertilizer preparedbydifferentratiosofbiocharand chemical fertilizer on the growth of pepper and the quality of rhizosphere soilwere analyzed.The resultsshowed thatcompared with HF treatment，the stem diameter，root dry matter weight perplant，dry fruitweightperplant and fruit dry matter

distributionratioofpeppertreatedwithTF1-TF3treatmentsincreased.ThesoiltotalnitrogencontentsofTF-TF3treatments weresignificantly higher than thoseof HFtreatmentand CK.Compared with HF treatment，theabsorptivecapacity anddistribution proportionof nutrient elementssuchas nitrogen，phosphorus and potassiumin fruitstreatedwith TF1-TF3 showed increasing trends.The Richnessindex，Chaol index，Ace index and Shannon index of pepper rhizosphere soil bacteriaunder TF1-TF3 treatmentswere higher thanthoseunderHFtreatment.Thedominantphylaofsoilbacterialcommunity indiferentfertilizationtreatmentswereAcidobacteria，ProteobacteriaandGemmatimonadetes，andthecumulativerelative abundances were 74.69 %-82.46% .Therelative abundances of Acidobacteria in TF1，TF3 and HF treatments were significantlylowerthanthatin CK.Therelative abundancesof Myxomycota treated with TF1-TF3and HF weresignificantly lower thanthatofCK.Therelativeabundanceof Methylomirabilota bacteriainHF treatment was higherthan thosein CKand TF1-TF3 treatments.TherelativeabundancesofGemmatimonadetes inTF1-TF3 treatmentwere significantlyhigher than thoseinHFtreatmentandCK.Insummary，theapplicationofbiochar-basedfertilizercannotonlyenhance theabsorption capacityof pepperplants tonutrients，mprovethedistributionratioof nutrients infruits，butcanalsooptimize soil physical and chemical properties，improve soil microbial diversity，and then increase pepper fruit yield.

Keywords：biochar-based fertilizer；nutrientabsorptionand partition；soil physicochemical properties；soil bacterial communitystructure

辣椒（CapsicumannuumL.）是重要的茄果类蔬菜作物，在世界范围内被广泛种植。近年来，中国棘椒的种植面积保持在 2.10×10⁶hm² 以上，居蔬菜作物首位[1]。辣椒种植过程中，施用化肥是提质增产的关键因素。然而，不少生产者为了片面追求高产，盲目投入大量化肥，这种做法虽然短期内能提高效益，但长期过量施用化肥会造成土壤板结、速效养分富集、有机质含量减少、土壤微生物群落结构失衡等问题，进而影响作物的生长发育，导致产量和品质大幅下滑[2-4]

生物炭是农作物秸秆等废弃生物质在高温缺氧环境下热解生成的产物，具有较高的有机碳含量、丰富的孔隙和较高的比表面积。施用生物炭能够持留土壤中的养分，有效减缓养分的释放速度，降低养分的流失，提升作物对养分的吸收与利用效率，进而起到土壤改良与作物增产的双重效果[5-7]。然而，生物炭自身的养分含量较低，单独施用很难满足作物在生长发育过程中对养分的需求[8-9]。因此，将生物炭与化肥、有机肥或其他营养元素采用化学或物理方法混合制成的炭基肥，不仅能够改善土壤质量、提高肥料利用率、稳定农作物产量，还能减少化肥使用次数和总量，进而减轻化学肥料对环境的不良影响[10]。李昌娟等[\"研究结果表明，施用炭基肥能够显著减缓茶园土壤酸化进程，提升土壤速效养分含量，加强茶树对养分的吸收与利用，从而显著提升茶叶的产量与品质。同时，施用炭基肥还能调控土壤微生物群落结构与多样性。……