张翔宇 郭海峰

【摘要】 五运六气首见于《黄帝内经》，在宋金元时期蓬勃发展。其中为代表的宋金元时期的医家刘完素、张从正、李杲、朱震亨被后世誉为金元四大家。他们所处时代前后相距不到300年，学术观点却寒热温凉，各有所宜。本文从金元四大家各自所处“六气大司天”背景特点的客观和其各自对运气理论阐发的主观两大角度挖掘，研究发现金元四大家学术观点寒热温凉的不同，均与各自所值“六气大司天”特点相契合；金元四大家皆推崇五运六气理论及运气思维下六气与人体经络脏腑气化密切联系的六经气化学说。本文探讨运气学说与金元四大家学术观点的关系，以冀对五运六气与各家学说研究提供一点浅见。

【关键词】 五运六气 金元四大家 六气大司天 六经气化 各家学说

Analysis of the Connections between Five Movements and Six Qi and Academic Thoughts of Four Eminent Physicians in Jin-Yuan Dynasty/ZHANG Xiangyu， GUO Haifeng. //Medical Innovation of China， 2024， 21（07）： -150

[Abstract] The theory of five movements and six Qi is firstly presented in Huangdi Neijing， thriving in Song-Jin-Yuan period. Liu Wansu， Zhang Congzheng， Li Gao and Zhu Zhenheng who are the representative physicians in Song-Jin-Yuan dynasty have been well known by later generations as the four eminent physicians in Jin-Yuan dynasty. They lived in a time less than 300 years apart， but their academic views are cold and hot， and each has its own advantages. This paper explores the background characteristics of the "six Qi Da Si Tian" of the four great scholars of Jin-Yuan dynasties and their subjective interpretation of the five movements and six Qi theory， the research has found that not only all their academic thoughts bias in cold and hot correspond to “six Qi Da Si Tian” characteristic of their living times， but also four eminent physicians in Jin-Yuan dynasty all advocated five movements and six Qi transformation which indicates that six Qi and Qi movement of Zangfu-organ and meridian system have a close connection based on thinking of Yunqi. This article analyzes the connection between five movements and six Qi theory and academic thoughts of four eminent physicians in Jin-Yuan dynasty so as to provide any perspectives to the research on various schools of traditional Chinese medicine theories.

[Key words] Five movements and six Qi Four eminent physicians in Jin-Yuan dynasty Six Qi Da Si Tian Six-meridian Qi transformation Various schools of traditional Chinese medicine theories

First-author's address： The First Clinical Medicine College， Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine， Jinan 250014， China

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2024.07.033

《淮南子·氾论训》言“百川异源，而皆归于海”。顾植山认为，学术流派最终要完成其历史使命——融入主流学术中去[1]。任应秋[2]主编《中医各家学说》中论伤寒、河间、易水、攻邪、丹溪、温补、温病七大医学流派，亦认为医家论病之法各有所宜，皆活人无数。为进一步探求各家学术流派之间的异中之同，以下试从五运六气与金元四大家学术观点的关系去分析，以期打开五运六气的奥秘之门。

1 金元四大家学术观点与各自所处六气大司天背景特点客观上相合

“六氣司天”是五运六气岁气逐年变化的规律，“六气大司天”是在《黄帝内经》“六气司天”的基础上以“六十年为一大气”的岁气变化规律。……