摘  要：混淆专业和学科的界限严重制约研究生教育的高质量发展。作为人才培养的专业目录因兼有招生、培养、就业、授位、学科、评估及抽检等附加不可承受之重，已逐渐偏离研究生教育固有的立德树人任务和专精高深要求，由此导致的培养趋同化内卷和专业学科化向虚是教育强国建设中急需面对的课题。该文回顾二级学科的专业地位与部委大学的体制浮沉，说明恢复二级学科作为研究生教育主体单元之一即专业地位的必要性和作为人才培养、质量控制、水平评估和就业服务的适应性，提出“宽窄并重、多维并存、校本特色、内涵发展”的研究生教育和学科建设的政策建议。

关键词：二级学科；三级学科；研究生专业；专业目录；学科目录

中图分类号：G640        文献标志码：A          文章编号：2096-000X（2024）10-0001-05

Abstract： The confusion of professional and disciplinary boundaries seriously restricts the high-quality development of graduate education. As a professional catalog of talent training， it has gradually deviated from the inherent task of moral education and the requirements of specialization and depth because of the additional unbearable weight of enrollment， training， employment， conferment， discipline， evaluation， and sampling. The resulting assimilation of training and specialization is an urgent issue to face in the construction of a powerful education country. This paper reviews the professional status of secondary disciplines and the institutional ups and downs of ministerial universities， and explains the necessity of restoring the professional status of secondary disciplines as one of the main units of postgraduate education， and the adaptability of secondary disciplines as personnel training， quality control， level assessment and employment services. This paper puts forward some policy suggestions for the post-graduate education and discipline construction， including "both broad and narrow， multi-dimensional coexistence， school-based characteristics and connotation development".

Keywords： secondary disciplines; three levels of discipline; postgraduate major; professional directory; subject catalogue

专业是高等教育的基本教学单元。研究生专业目录是规范研究生教育的重要基础文件，而专业维度的选择和专业口径的宽窄取决于经济社会发展对高层次人才的需求和科学研究前沿对知识探究的判断。在我国以中国式现代化推进中华民族伟大复兴的宏伟征程中，对高层次拔尖创新人才全面而巨大的需求决定了研究生专业目录实行“宽窄并重、多维并存”的极端重要性和时代急迫性，以更加精准地服务国家战略需求。本文回顾了我国研究生专业目录的演进历史，辨析了学科与专业的学理逻辑，提出了研究生专业目录应“以二级学科为主、多级学科并存”和学科评估中“鼓励以一级学科为主、容许以二级学科为单元”的政策建议，避免趋同性内卷，引导特色化卓越，促进高质量发展。……