孙锦

摘要：生物基质是有机基质和有益微生物在农业上的应用发展到一定阶段的产物，在满足基质基本功效的基础上，将有益微生物有效导入有机基质之中，赋予基质促长、抗病和抗逆等功能，可为发展绿色农业和可持续农业提供物质保障。在简述生物基质发展历程的基础上，重点总结了生物基质在提高作物产量、改善产品品质、增强防病抗逆能力、改善土壤理化性状、优化土壤微生物群落结构等方面的应用研究进展，并结合产业发展趋势，展望了生物基质在工厂化育苗、连作障碍克服、盐碱地改良中的应用前景，进一步提出了微生物制剂与基质融合研究、有机物料的抗病促长功能挖掘、含有多种微生物菌群和功能复合型的生物基质的重点研发任务，为推动生物基质和无土栽培的技术进步提供参考。

关键词：生物基质；无土栽培；有益微生物

中图分类号：S317               文献标志码：A               文章编号：2097-2172（2023）11-0981-09

doi：10.3969/j.issn.2097-2172.2023.11.001

Research Progress and Prospects on the Application of Biological Substrate

SUN Jin

（College of Horticulture， Nanjing Agricultural University， Nanjing Jiangsu 210095， China）

Abstract： Biological substrate is the product of the application of organic substrate and beneficial microorganisms in agriculture to a certain stage. On the premise of meeting the basic functions of the substrate， it is beneficial to effectively introduce beneficial microorganisms into organic substrate， endowing the substrate with functions such as promoting growth， disease resistance， and stress resistance， thereby providing material guarantee for the development of green agriculture and sustainable agriculture. In this study， based on a brief overview of the development process of biological substrate， we focus on summarizing the research progress of biological substrate in improving crop yield， enhancing the quality of agricultural products， strengthening disease resistance and stress tolerance， improving soil physicochemical properties， and optimizing soil microbial community structure. Furthermore， by considering industrial development trends， we explore the application prospects of biological substrate in industrialized seedling production， overcoming continuous cropping obstacles， and improving saline-alkali soil. Additionally， we propose key research tasks such as the integration of microbial preparations with substrate， exploring the disease resistance and growth-promoting functions of organic materials， and developing biological substrate with diverse microbial communities and functional compounds. These tasks aim to provide references for promoting the technological advancement of biological substrate and soilless cultivation.

Key words： Biological substrate; Soilless cultivation; Beneficial microorganism

收稿日期：2023 - 09 - 13

基金項目：宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目（2021BBF02005）；国家大宗蔬菜产业技术体系项目（CARS-23-B16）；泰州市科技支撑计划（农业）项目（TN202126）。

作者简介：孙   锦（1972 — ），男，甘肃民乐人，教授，博导，主要从事设施园艺与无土栽培方面的科研与教学工作。Email： jinsun@njau.edu.cn。

据统计，全世界已有100多个国家和地区应用无土栽培技术，采用无土栽培的蔬菜总面积达到19.7万hm2［1 ］。2020年我国无土栽培面积为5万hm2左右，其中有机基质无土栽培约占50%［1 ］，基质的年需求量在6 000万m3以上［2 ］。有机基质是无土栽培的核心，是栽培成功与否的关键，它质地较轻，具有良好的保水、保肥及通气性，克服了土壤栽培存在的部分缺陷，在作物栽培中表现出明显的优越性［3 ］。……