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东西方比较视域下赖特有机艺术论的文化积淀

2023-08-04柳思如

当代美术家 2023年4期

摘要:弗兰克·劳埃德·赖特是西方现代艺术观念的开拓者之一,也是美国最伟大的建筑艺术家,在其有机艺术论的建构中吸收并学习了以中国古典道家美学为代表的东方智慧,是东西方文化走向同一轨道的典型案例,也是全球化语境下的重要文化事件。本文在东西方比较视域下,从唯一神派自然崇拜与“共生”、斯宾诺莎泛神论与“道”以及超验主义文学与“万物同一”三个方面阐明接受道家美学之前的赖特所蕴含的文化积淀与东方智慧的交融汇通。厘清以赖特为代表的西方现代艺术家接受东方古典美学的前置思想渊薮与东方智慧的亲缘性,不仅对跨文化艺术史研究有重要的启示作用,也为东西方美学观念交融通达提供可资借鉴的思想资源。

关键词:赖特,唯一神派,斯宾诺莎,超验主义

Abstract: Frank Lloyd Wright is one of the pioneers of modern western art concepts and the greatest architectural artist in the United States. In the construction of his organic art theory, he absorbed and learned the Oriental wisdom represented by the classical Chinese Taoist aesthetics, which is a typical case of Eastern and Western cultures moving towards the same track, and also an important cultural event in the context of globalization. From the perspective of comparison between East and West, this paper expounds the integration of Wrights cultural accumulation and Oriental wisdom before accepting Taoist aesthetics from three aspects: Unitarianism nature worship and “Symbiosis”, Spinozas pantheism and “Tao”, and transcendentalist literature and the Opinion “All things are the same”. To clarify the affinity of the western modern artists represented by Wright to accept the prethought of Oriental classical aesthetics and Oriental wisdom, it not only has an important enlightening effect on cross-cultural art history research, but also provides a reference for the integration of Eastern and Western aesthetic concepts.

Keywords: Wright, Unitarianism, Spinoza, Transcendentalism

19世紀末期,西方现代艺术观念的开拓者弗兰克·劳埃德·赖特(Frank Lloyd Wright,1867~1959)与东方美学结缘,由此开启了与道家思想交融的文化汇通之路。赖特并不是偶然接受了道家思想,在其有机艺术观念不断构建的过程中,西方本土的非理性思想给予他丰厚的文化给养,并沉淀出与东方美学相近的内蕴和底色。也就是说,阐明赖特生成带有东方特点的艺术观念的前置文化积淀,是理解西方艺术家汲取东方美学的重要环节。通过考察赖特的生平经历、学说著作和艺术活动,可以看到他在接受道家美学的影响之前,已经从启蒙教育、哲学思想和文化观念三个层域,也就是唯一神派自然崇拜、斯宾诺莎泛神论和超验主义文学观得到了非理性思想的文化积淀。……

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