严重事故下的氢气燃烧模型研究
2023-06-21余婧懿杨小明杨洋马如冰元一单
余婧懿 杨小明 杨洋 马如冰 元一单



摘 要:为了更好地认识严重事故下的氢气燃烧计算模型,该研究从核电厂严重事故下的氫气燃烧现象学出发,对氢气燃烧涉及到的各个机理模型进行分析,从气体可燃性判断、快燃计算和燃爆判断及处理等方面研究了氢气燃烧过程中的各项因素的影响和主要计算方法,总结了严重事故氢气燃烧模型的建模思路和重点,并比较了MAAP、MELCOR和ASTEC三种主流严重事故一体化分析软件对氢气燃烧模型计算的特点。总体来说,ASTEC对机理模型的分析最为精细,计算最为复杂;MELCOR直接使用实验关系式,模型最为简单;MAAP介于两者之间。另外目前严重事故分析程序中对氢气燃烧相关模型的实验验证缺失较多,未来可在这方面开展进一步的研究。
关键词:严重事故;氢气燃烧;可燃性极限;快燃计算;MAAP;MELCOR;ASTEC
中图分类号:TP39;TL364 文献标识码:A 文章编号:2096-4706(2023)09-0149-05
Abstract: In order to better comprehend the hydrogen combustion model in severe accident, from hydrogen combustion phenomenology in nuclear power plant severe accident, this paper analyzes various mechanism models involved in hydrogen combustion, researches the influence and main calculation methods of each factors in hydrogen combustion process from aspects of gas flammability determination, fast deflagration calculation and detonation distinction and treatment, and summarizes the modeling pathway and keynotes of hydrogen combustion model in severe accident. The characteristics of hydrogen combustion model calculated by three major severe accident integrated analysis software of MAAP, MELCOR and ASTEC are compared. In general, ASTEC provides the most detailed analysis of mechanism models and the most complex calculation. MELCOR directly uses experiment correlations, so the models are the simplest. MAAP is somewhere in between. In addition, current experiment validations for hydrogen combustion related models in severe accident analysis programs are much deficient, thus further research can be promoted in the future.
Keywords: severe accident; hydrogen combustion; flammability limit; fast deflagration calculation; MAAP; MELCOR; ASTEC
0 引 言
1979年美国三里岛核电站发生严重事故后9小时50分左右,其安全壳内发生了剧烈的氢气燃烧,短时间内安全壳压力峰值达到2.8 bar,引起了国际核电领域对严重事故下可燃气体燃烧风险的关注。在2011年的福岛核事故中也有三个机组(1号、3号和4号)发生了氢气爆炸,导致了电厂设施以及一回路、二回路安全壳构筑物的严重损坏。核电厂严重事故中产生的可燃气体以氢气为主,也有少量一氧化碳,其他可燃气体(如气体有机物)所占的份额极少,在考虑燃烧风险时可以忽略不计,因此一般在严重事故分析中直接以“氢气风险”指代“以氢气为主的可燃气体引起的潜在的燃烧风险”。……
