摘 要：【目的】断层错动对隧道的安全运营往往会产生重要影响，因此需要探究活断层走滑错动对隧道的损伤特性。【方法】本研究以某跨活断层公路隧道为背景，建立三维弹塑性有限元模型，分析不同断层错动量及不同隧道断层交角下二衬的损伤规律。【结果】研究结果表明：二衬的轴向应变随错动量的增大而增大，主要表现为随着穿越角度的减小，轴向应变逐渐由拉应变转为压应变，与断层角度走向一致；二衬的拉伸压缩损伤随错动量的增大而增大，拉伸损伤沿隧道环向发展，压缩损伤主要分布于隧道拱顶和仰拱处，随着穿越角度的减小，二衬的拉伸损伤的程度和范围减小，二衬的压缩损伤区域从拱顶和仰拱处向隧道两侧边墙处发展，并在最后完全贯通。【结论】本研究可为跨活断层隧道工程的建设提供一定的理论参考。

关键词：隧道工程；走滑断层；破碎带；衬砌损伤；数值模拟

中图分类号：U451           文献标志码：A         文章编号：1003-5168（2023）10-0059-04

DOI：10.19968/j.cnki.hnkj.1003-5168.2023.010.012

Abstract： [Purposes] Fault dislocation often has an important impact on the safe operation of tunnel，so it is necessary  to explore the damage characteristics of tunnel caused by the strike-slip dislocation of an active fault. [Methods] This study took a highway tunnel spanning an active fault as the background， established a three-dimensional elastic-plastic finite element model， and analyzed the damage law of the secondary lining under different fault dynamics and different tunnel fault intersection angles. [Findings] The results show that the axial strain of the secondary lining increases with the increase of dislocation momentum， which is mainly manifested as a gradual shift from tensile strain to compressive strain as the crossing angle decreases， and is consistent with the direction of the fault angle; the tensile compression damage of the second lining increases with the increase of displacement， and the tensile damage develops along the tunnel circumference. The compression damage is mainly distributed at the tunnel arch and inverted arch. As the crossing angle decreases， the degree and scope of the tensile damage of the second lining decrease. The compression damage area of the second lining develops from the arch and inverted arch to the side walls of the tunnel， and finally fully penetrates. [Conclusions] This study can provide some theoretical reference for the construction of cross-active fault tunnel engineering.

Keywords： tunnel engineering; strike-slip fault; fracture zone; lining damage; numerical simulation

0 引言

活動断层是隧道建设中经常遇到的不良地质，随着我国公路建设的不断推进，大量公路隧道被规划、兴建，大量隧道将不可避免地穿越活动断层，断层错动会造成隧道结构产生拉压损伤、剪切破坏、错台，严重时甚至发生坍塌［1］。因此，开展跨活断层隧道损伤规律的研究具有十分重要的意义。

目前，国内外学者围绕断层错动作用下隧道衬砌损伤机制及损伤规律开展了大量研究工作。Lin等［2］依托室内模型试验，研究了逆断层错动过程中盾构隧道管片的变形情况及破坏特征。……