林艳 边光亚 赵玉芬 郝旭新 郝芸莉

摘    要：为提高仙客来杂交育种效率，明确花粉萌发率的主要影响因素，以当前12个仙客来主栽品种及自交系AH为试验材料，利用培养基法进行了不同品种、植物生长调节剂、糖类、硼酸、pH值的花粉离体萌发试验。结果表明：不同品种间花粉萌发率存在显著差异。不同植物生长调节剂对仙客来花粉萌发的促进作用存在显著差异，芸苔素及赤霉素均可促进仙客来花粉萌发，以芸苔素0.02 mg·L-1效果最好，复硝酚钠对仙客来花粉萌发无影响。蔗糖可显著提高仙客来花粉萌发率，浓度以10%最佳，葡萄糖对仙客来花粉萌发无促进作用，10%蔗糖+0.02 mg·L-1芸苔素可显著提高花粉萌发率。硼酸单独作用对仙客来花粉萌发的促进作用不大，与10%蔗糖联合作用则显著提高仙客来花粉萌发率。不同pH值显著影响仙客来花粉萌发率，pH值为6.0时萌发率最高，pH值为7.0时次之。根据正交试验结果，促进仙客来花粉萌发的最佳配方为 10%蔗糖 + 0.2%硼酸 + 0.02 mg·L-1芸苔素。品种、植物生长调节剂、糖类、pH值等因素均会对仙客来花粉萌发产生重要影响。

关键词：仙客来；花粉萌发；影响因素

中图分类号：S682.2       文献标识码：A      DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006－6500.2023.05.001

Abstract： To improve the efficiency of Cyclamen hybrid breeding and identify the main factors affecting pollen germination rate， 12 main cultivated varieties and inbred line AH of Cyclamen persicum were used as experimental materials. Using the medium method， pollen germination tests were carried on different varieties， plant growth regulators， sugars， boric acid， and pH values. The results showed that there were significant differences in pollen germination rates among different varieties. Different plant growth regulators had significantly different effects on Cyclamen pollen germination. Both brassicin and gibberellin could promote Cyclamen pollen germination， with 0.02 mg·L-1 brassicin having the best effect. Sucrose could significantly improve Cyclamen pollen germination rate， with 10% being the optimal concentration. 10% sucrose+0.02 mg·L-1 brassicin could significantly improve Cyclamen pollen germination rate. Boric acid alone had little effect on pollen germination， but when combined with 10% sucrose， it significantly increased Cyclamen pollen germination. Different pH values significantly affected Cyclamen pollen germination rate， with the highest germination rate obtained when the pH value was 6.0， followed by pH value of 7.0 According to the results of the orthogonal test， the optimal formula for promoting Cyclamen pollen germination was 10% sucrose + 0.2% boric acid + 0.02 mg·L-1 brassicin. Variety， plant growth regulator， carbohydrate， pH value， and other factors had important effects on Cyclamen pollen germination.

Key words： Cyclamen persicum; pollen germination; influence factor

仙客來（Cyclamen persicum）为报春花科仙客来属球茎花卉[1]，因其花形独特、种类繁多，开花期长且冬季盛开而深受消费者喜爱，是目前国内外主要盆栽花卉之一[2-3]。仙客来依靠种子繁殖，目前的栽培品种多为F1代杂交种，在授粉过程中，花粉质量的好坏及环境因素直接影响授粉结实情况，掌握仙客来不同品种的花粉萌发情况及影响花粉萌发的主要促进因素，对仙客来杂交育种及种子生产均具有重要的指导意义。……