李翔宇 刘一漩 李斯文 李然东

摘要：针对轨道交通地上站人群舒适度差的问题，通过研究城市轨道交通地上站热环境和热舒适性情况，在节能的基础上提出相应的建筑热工性能改造措施。以北京市地上站为例，着重选取其中五个典型的地上站，进行人体热舒适度满意率问卷调查和热环境参数测试。调查显示，导致地上站热舒适度较差的最主要原因包括站台截面尺度设计不当、开窗通风设计不合理及围护结构缺失遮阳构件等。进而通过软件模拟等方法，验证通过采取合理改造站台截面尺度、天窗加置遮阳构件及改变侧窗开启率等措施，对地上站内部空间热舒适度及能耗的改善是否有效。最终根据模拟结果形成适用于北京市轨道交通地上站的改善策略，并以13号线上地站为例，运用优化设计方案，对比优化前后效果，以验证此策略是否对其现存问题起到改善的作用。

关键词：轨道交通地上站；热舒适度；优化分析；改造措施

Abstract： In response to the problem of poor comfort among people at above ground stations in urban rail transit， by studying the thermal environment and thermal comfort of above ground stations in urban rail transit， corresponding measures for building thermal performance improvement are proposed on the basis of energy conservation. Taking Beijing's above ground stations as an example， five typical above ground stations were selected to conduct a questionnaire survey on human thermal comfort satisfaction and thermal environment parameter testing. The survey shows that the main reasons for poor thermal comfort of above ground stations include improper design of platform cross-sectional dimensions， unreasonable design of window ventilation， and lack of shading components in the enclosure structure. Furthermore， through software simulation and other methods， it is verified whether the improvement of thermal comfort and energy consumption in the internal space of the above ground station is effective through measures such as reasonable modification of platform section size， installation of sunshade components in skylights， and change of side window opening rate. Finally， based on the simulation results， an improvement strategy suitable for the above ground station of Beijing's rail transit was developed. Taking the above ground station of Line 13 as an example， an optimization design scheme was used to compare the effects before and after optimization， in order to verify whether this strategy has improved its existing problems.

Keywords： above-ground station of rail transit; thermal comfort; optimization analysis; retrofit measures

近年來，地铁由于其运行速度快、载客量较大、环境污染小以及乘坐舒适方便等优点逐渐成为人们出行的首选交通方式，地铁环境也成为了人们关注的焦点。地铁站分为地上、地下线站，地上线站与地下线站相比，虽受地面建筑和规划的限制，但由于造价低、建设周期短、运营费用低等优点，在地铁规划设计中被广泛采用。然而，地上线站通常采用的轻质复合围护结构，不仅对温度波动变化抵抗能力较弱，也存在大量的热桥导热问题。……