液化气体运输车V型支座的合理设计
2016-03-15刘忠亮钱才富
刘忠亮 钱才富



摘要:用ANSYS建立液化气体运输车罐体有限元模型,对包括4种惯性力载荷在内的多种工况的作用进行应力分析.结果发现:在所有工况中,受与运动方向垂直的水平方向1倍重力载荷的工况作用时,后封头与筒体连接处的局部应力出现最大值;为减少局部应力,单纯增加封头或筒体厚度既不经济也不合理.为此通过ANSYS中的优化设计模块研究V型支座的尺寸和位置对封头应力的影响,并通过调整其尺寸和位置降低封头与筒体连接处的局部最大应力,使其满足强度要求.
关键词:液化气体罐车; 封头应力; 有限元; 优化分析
中图分类号: U469.6 文献标志码:B
Abstract:A finite element model of the tank body of a liquefied gas tanker is built by ANSYS, and the stress is analyzed under different working conditions with four kinds of inertia forces. The results show that, among the working conditions, while the tanker is subjected to one times gravity load in the horizontal direction which is vertical to the moving direction, the maximum local stress at the connection between rear head and tank body occurs; it is not economic and rational to reduce the local stress by only increasing the head thickness or the tank body thickness. The effect of the size and position of the Vshape support on the stress at the head is studied, the size and position are adjusted to reduce the maximum local stress, and the strength meets the requirements.
Key words:liquefied gas tanker; head stress; finite element; optimization analysis
0 引 言
20世纪70年代末期,随着液化石油气开始成为工业和居民生活的燃料,液化气体罐车制造业开始从无到有的历程.经过40年的发展,液化气体罐车由单车发展到半挂车,而罐车的轻量化也在近年来提上发展日程.[1]
罐式半挂车运输的多数是易燃、易爆甚至有毒的液化气体,并且罐车在运输过程中还承受不稳定的惯性载荷.要确保运输安全,罐车在设计、制造过程中必须严格满足技术规范要求.[2]
对于半挂车罐体的分析,前人已经进行大量的研究,总结相关文献,可以分为4个方面:强度分析、失稳分析、模态分析和流场分析.唐应时等[3]对无梁半挂车的罐体进行有限元分析,并通过模态分析获得罐体和支座的前6阶模态;刘雪梅[4]对半挂车常见的4种工况进行有限元分析,并通过稳定性分析求得罐体的临界失稳压力;……
