Unit 6 Earth first

2022-12-05

时代英语·高一 2022年6期

关键词：连贯词数状语

Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas

基礎训练

单词拼写根据首字母或汉语提示，用本部分所学单词的正确形式填空。

1. It s me to think I was alone in the building at night.

2. F， no one was hurt in this earthquake.

3. It’s better for you to keep a positive a toward life.

4. He was standing by a pool and about to d in.

5. The climate change might be one of the causes of the e of dinosaurs.

6. The enemy must have made full preparation for the （攻击）.

7. Some people were afraid of swimming in the sea because of （鲨鱼）.

8. David watched her car until it （消失） from view.

9. The fast-food industry continues to （把……作为目标） young people.

10. The weather last winter was （糟糕的）.

选词填空用方框中所给短语填空。

refer to due to be scared of cut off rather than

1. The success was largely the hard work of their team.

2. We were having our English lesson when suddenly the electricity supply .

3. If you don’t know the meaning of the word， you may the dictionary.

4. The factory needed better management more money.

5. Don’t asking for help when you are in trouble.

课文语法填空

The 1975 film Jaws tells the story of a great white shark which attacks and kills swimmers. It （strength） people’s long-held idea of the great white shark as a dangerous animal.

People have always been scared of sharks， but Jaws made things （bad）. Some people stopped swimming in the sea， afraid of the horrible creature from the film. Other people started fishing for sharks，（kill） as many as they could. At that time， nobody （care） if sharks were killed， or how many were killed.

After 1975， number of large sharks around America fell quickly. This was not only due fear of sharks， but also finning. Finning is a type of fishing where sharks （catch） and their fins are cut off. Finning kills millions of sharks a year.

In 1980， Benchley， the man wrote the book the film Jaws was based on， was diving when he came across an awful sight. The sea floor was covered with dead sharks， rather than the other way round. From that day on， he fought （protect） sharks.

Fortunately， not everyone who watched the film became afraid of sharks—some became interested in understanding them. Today， as we learn more about sharks， more people than ever want to protect them extinction.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

閱读理解

According to the wildlife trade monitoring organization—TRAFFIC， about one million pangolins （穿山甲） were killed from 2000 through 2013， mainly for their scales （鳞片）， which are used in medicine. Pangolins are sensitive creatures and picky eaters that only eat certain kinds of ants， a diet that’s very difficult to copy in the food chain.

“In the last decade， there’s been a huge growth trade in pangolins between continents， especially their scales，” says Dan Challender， chair of the pangolin specialist group. Previously， most pangolin killing happened within Asia， he says. This change means that Asian pangolins are becoming difficult to find but that the value of the scales makes it worth the extra cost to take pangolins from Africa to Asia secretly.

All eight types of pangolins， four in Africa and four in Asia， are in danger of extinction due to the illegal trade. International trade in the four types of Asian pangolins has been banned （禁止） since 2000. In the past few years， a ban on international commercial trade in all eight types has gone into effect. It was voted by 183 governments that are parties to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species （CITES）， which is in charge of cross-border trade in wild animals and their parts.

Pangolins are eaten as bushmeat in western and central Africa and by some local groups in South and Southeast Asia. Their parts also are used in Ghana， Nigeria， South Africa， and elsewhere in sub-Saharan Africa as traditional medicine. But they are now endangered. Perhaps no pangolins can be seen when our next generation grow up.

1. What can we learn about pangolins from Paragraph 1？

A. Their meat is very delicious. B. They are killed for their scales.

C. They eat all kinds of ants. D. They are on the top of the food chain.

2. Why are pangolins brought from Africa to Asia？

A. They are cheaper in Africa. B. No laws protect them in Africa.

C. People in Asia can really save them. D. They are rare in Asia now.

3. What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us about pangolins？

A. They have many different types. B. The bans on their trade are worthwhile.

C. Governments have tried to protect them. D. People trade them in different ways.

4. What’s the author’s attitude towards pangolins’ future？

A. Positive. B. Uncaring. C. Concerned. D. Confident.

阅读七选五

Some 8 million tons of non-recyclable plastic end up in the ocean each year. At an alarming rate， the seas may have more plastic than fish by the middle of the century.

Require a global solution to a global problem. The developed countries and most of developing countries show their leadership in this process by setting goals， encouraging other member states， and offering support for poor countries.

________3________Although they are helpful to protect clean water and air， as it is known， non-recyclable plastic is widely used in the markets. Therefore， non-recyclable plastic still can be bought in our daily life. Its disappearance needs much more time and efforts.

Pay more attention to the new studies on plastic and technologies. Some of researchers are aiming to make replacements for plastic. For example， “interceptors” can remove river pollution before it reaches the ocean.

Expect more responsibility from manufacturers （制造商）. As a start they should be encouraged to simplify complex packaging. And their working with world governments will support poorer nations to improve waste collection and landfill （垃圾場） management.

The world doesn’t have enough time in trying to solve the problem. The sooner these efforts start， the better.

A. Strengthen the connection between countries.

B. Nearly 200 countries agreed to ban plastic pollution.

C. Others are doing more research on new technologies.

D. Establish production limits for non-recyclable plastic.

E. Thus， it’s necessary to take direct action to stop that.

F. They are well aware of how to reduce the harms their products cause.

G. They should care about different laws on plastic use in the poorer countries.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Section Ⅱ Using language

單句语法填空在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

1. He （devote） all his collections to helping the homeless children.

2. She spent too much time in preparing for her tomorrow’s （present）.

3. Our school （adopt） a new teaching method recently.

4. Our body requires a continuous supply food and water.

5. No one had been able to escape the （cruel） of war at that time.

6. Hundreds of buildings （damage） due to the severe earthquake.

7. Don’t （affect） by her words. She’s just lying.

8. This creature’s tail will grow again if it is cut .

9. Wearing a mask can prevent you from the （infect）.

10. There’s much we can do to protect sharks extinction.

完成句子根据汉语提示，结合本单元所学语法完成句子。

1. 当我回到办公室时，我发现我的桌子被搬走了。

When I returned to my office， I .

2. 所有问题解决后，他开始考虑旅行。

， he began to think of a journey.

3. 他们离开了，留下我一个人解决剩下的所有问题。

They left， all the rest of work.

4. 由于建了这座桥，这两个村庄现在被连了起来。

With ， the two villages are connected now.

5. 因为急需讲义，所以工人们让机器运转了一整天。

The papers were in great need， so the workers all day long.

句子合写用现在分词或过去分词合并下列句子。

1. She found the tall man with beard. He was involved in the accident.

2. As soon as we entered the hall， we saw a man on the stage. He was playing the piano.

3. We had no difficulty finding the little boy’s house. The little boy was leading the way.

4. When I came into the classroom this morning， I found him. He was reading a novel.

5. The young man was caught by the police. He was stealing a car.

完形填空

Both in their seventies， Tububatu and his wife Taoshengchagan live in a village near Badain Jaran， Inner Mongolia. They’ve been spending every day since they retired in 2002 against sandstorm （沙塵暴）. Before Tububatu others had tried but . He just wanted to make a difference. He started by just 50 trees a year， but kept doubling his to the point where he now plants thousands of trees a year.

The retired couple have been slowly growing their little desert forest at their own ， so that they live a very life. Even though they mostly plant drought-resistant （抗旱的） types like sacsaoul trees and desert cistanche， they still make sure to them at least once a day to make them grow .

Although they have been by some neighbors who think their efforts are to fail， they haven’t given up. Over the last 19 years， the couple have planted over 266 hectares of desert and have no of stopping.

Besides the spread of the desert， Tububatu is also making a living by planting， as the desert cistanche is a（n） medicinal plant that can sell for up to 100 yuan per kilogram.

For nearly 20 years， Tububatu and his wife have been hard in the process and they have planted over 70，000 trees， more than 1 million yuan of their savings. The conditions have weakened their health and they look than they actually are， but they refuse to abandon （放弃） their battle against the .

The couple have received several and honors from the government over the years， becoming a good for all environmentalists.

1. A. charging B. warning C. fighting D. voting

2. A. changed B. finished C. failed D. disappeared

3. A. growing B. buying C. keeping D. protecting

4. A. ideas B. efforts C. dreams D. difficulties

5. A. expense   B. risk C. time D. convenience

6. A. comfortable B. quiet C. happy D. simple

7. A. cut B. cover C. water D. replace

8. A. equally B. quickly C. naturally D. healthily

9. A. cheered up B. laughed at C. turned down D. taken in

10. A. ready B. sure C. early     D. final

11. A. plans B. hopes C. chances D. ways

12. A. stressing B. improving C. slowing D. following

13. A. cheap B. ordinary C. useless D. popular

14. A. working B. planting C. urging D. earning

15. A. losing B. spending C. wasting D. collecting

16. A. special B. strange C. different D. terrible

17. A. taller B. dirtier C. thinner D. older

18. A. village B. desert C. neighbor D. environment

19. A. cards B. letters C. prizes D. reviews

20. A. model B. role C. family D. lesson

语法填空

The population of the earth is increasing very fast. Humans must make the earth support the increasing population. This has made it necessary for agriculture and industry （develop） rapidly.

Such a rapid development produces more and more waste， goes into water， soil or air. When there （be） too much waste， it will do great harm to the environment and people.

When farmers add fertilizer （肥料） the soil to make plants grow better， or use pesticide （杀虫剂） to kill pests， they will go into the soil or the surrounding air. Even （bad）， they may go into the grain （谷物）. When （bird）， fish or people eat the grain， drink the water or breath the air， harm will be done to their health.

The air in some cities is polluted because of the pollution from cars factories. Millions of tons of poisonous gases are sent into the air with smoke. In some places， only a few factories get the smoke （clean） before it goes into the air.

（fortunate）， people are beginning to realize just how serious the whole situation is. In many countries， laws have been made to prevent factories （send） out poisonous gases. More and more people are taking action to protect the environment.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

短文改错

Natural disasters often come unexpectedly， killed many people and destroying countless homes. But what on earth lead to natural disasters？ Of course， natural change plays an unique and important role. However， now people are aware of that we humans are partly responsible for them， which have done something harmful to the earth. We cut down too many trees in the forests so far. Better still， we have badly polluted the environment. Considering the great damages caused by us， we should take action as soon as possibly to protect our environment. Besides， we must keep calm and try to save us and help others when disasters happen.

Section Ⅲ Developing ideas

單词填空用所给词的适当形式填空。

1.He continued to work there for almost 50 years， his life to his research work. His to the job is worth praising. （devote）

2. He has a deep for his old friend whose speech him deeply. （affect）

3.The machine in this house cost too much . （electricity）

4.The company is making great efforts at cost ， because the price of their products have been by 20%. （reduce）

5.Weather ， we will go hiking tomorrow. If you want to go with us， you need to get your parents’ . （permit）

6.The painting was by the family to the museum. Visitors will be admitted on of their own ID card. （present）

7.John is that he haven’t seen his daughter for hours. There is a for her safety. （concerned）

8.Although it’s not a severe ， I don’t want you to be . （infect）

9.Yesterday the captain that the mission should be finished before afternoon. （urge）

10.To protect the environment， he everything that is in his daily life. （reuse）

单句表达根据括号内提示翻译句子。

1.他们在这个项目上投入了大量的精力。（a large amount of）

2.当你去旅游时，首先要考虑天气。（take... into account）

3.要经过几个月才能适应大学生活。（It takes... to...）

4.这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。（倍数 + as… as…）

5.应采取一切可能的方法来保护河流免受污染。（protect... from...）

提示写作

选用所给词汇或句型造句并组成一段连贯的短文（80词左右）。

damage reduce in order to be good for

take... into account It’s better to... We are writing this letter to...

阅读理解

According to new studies， many birds in the Amazon rainforest have become smaller as temperatures have increased. The difference hasn’t been obvious， but it has been significant enough that some scientists have suggested it’s a universal response to climate change.

But new research finds that the body size reductions aren’t happening across the board with some large-brained birds having much less significant changes.

For the study， researchers studied some data on about 70，000 birds that had died when they crashed into buildings in Chicago from 1978 to 2016. They added data on brain volume and lifespan （壽命） for 49 of the 52 types of migratory birds （候鸟） in the original study.

They found that birds with very large brains had reductions in overall body size that were about one third of the reductions noted in birds with smaller brains. They thought that in birds， the types with big brains are the ones that build tools， manage to survive in tough environments， live longer， invest more time and energy into raising babies， and end up surviving better in the wild.

Researchers aren’t certain exactly how warmer temperatures might lead to smaller body size in birds， but they are considering two possible explanations， which could even be happening at the same time. First， natural selection might be favoring birds that can heat better. This is because smaller birds have higher ratios （比例） of surface area to volume， so being small can help birds stay cool. Second， warmer summers might have less food available for birds at the time when they are feeding their babies. In that case， birds might be getting smaller because of lack of food over the years.

The findings don’t suggest that climate change is having zero impact on bigger-brained birds， but researchers believe these findings can inform us of climate change and help set conservation priorities.

1. How does climate change affect birds？

A. Their body size become smaller. B. Their brain size become bigger.

C. Their body temperature rises. D. Their lifespan shortens.

2. How did the scientists do the research？

A. By studying the bird data. B. By observing the birds dying.

C. By studying the bird death rate. D. By illustrating the bird species.

3. Which word can best replace the underlined word “dissipate” in Paragraph 5？

A. Use. B. Hold. C. Absorb. D. Lose.

4. What can be the best title for the text？

A. Birds’ Body Sizes Are Different B. Brain Size Matters for Birds

C. Climate Changes Sharply D. Temperature Rises Globally

About 20 years ago， some 15，000 red pandas wandered the treetops of the Himalaya forests in South Asia. But with the large number of people entering their living places， these shy and solitary （獨处的） creatures can’t meet each other and reproduce. Now the population has fallen by more than 50 percent.

To save the red pandas here， Lama and his research team need to know which parts of the forests the remaining pandas are living in. That’s where the tracking devices come in. “Mapping the path they travel will let us know which areas of the forest need to be reforested to connect the most red pandas to one another，” Lama says.

Because red pandas can be hard to spot and catch， no one had ever used GPS collars （颈圈） to study them in the wild. But Lama and his team had a great plan. They first would make sure the animals would be comfortable wearing the collars. So， they tested the collars on two red pandas in a local zoo. “We persuade them to let us measure their necks and fit them with the collars by letting them choose a reward—grapes， apples， or bananas，” Lama says.

Then came the next challenge： catching red pandas. Once they spotted a red panda， a team of vets set up a tall， fence-like tarp （油布） around the base of the tree with a box trap （陷阱） at the bottom. That way when the red panda climbed down the tree surrounded by the tarp， it had no choice but to enter the trap. It was then quickly controlled， collared and released.

From September to December 2019， the team trapped 10 red pandas—six females and four males. Their collars recorded their location every two hours and sent the information to researchers once a day. Over the next year， the team tracked the red pandas’ movements so that they identified where to plant new forests and helped red pandas meet more easily.

5. What has led to the reduction of red pandas in South Asia？

A. Their normal lives are badly influenced. B. They aren’t adapted to living in groups.

C. Their ability to reproduce is weakened. D. They try to avoid meeting each other.

6. Why did the research team track the movements of red pandas？

A. To study their living behaviors. B. To protect them from hunters.

C. To know where to plant forests. D. To find if they can often meet.

7. How did the research team get red pandas to wear collars？

A. By offering them treats. B. By measuring their necks.

C. By setting tarps. D. By using traps.

8. What does the text mainly talk about？

A. The falling population of red pandas. B. The clever way to keep track of red pandas.

C. The research on red pandas’ reproduction. D. The way of building living places for red pandas.

完形填空

My love for animals began through watching wildlife documentaries when I was a kid. I went on to Environmental Science at university， and became in marine （海洋的） biology when I did my PhD at the University of Hong Kong. That’s when I that there was a possibility to do more for Hong Kong.

I was very lucky to Ms Claire Nouvian when I graduated from my PhD in 2009. At that time， Claire was another non-profit organization， BLOOM Hong Kong， after founding the Bloom Association in France a few years before， and she me to work on promoting marine conservation （保護）. We do this mainly by being research-focused， arousing public ， and trying to fill knowledge . We then share our information with frontline officer， such as fishery managers and customs officers， to help them how important their role is in implementing （贯彻执行） regulations to the wildlife trade， and suggestions on how to make implementation work more .

We are still a city in love with and Hong Kong has the second highest annual seafood in Asia—but consumers are aware of where their seafood comes from and which kinds are .

With the marine ecosystem already ， the greatest threat （威脅） is continued ignorance and inaction. We humans have been a part of the problem， but now it is time for us to show that we can also be a part of the . If each person around us their part—even for just one meal a day， Hong Kong would already be on its way to making great towards sustainable seafood consumption （消费）.

1. A. prove B. choose C. study D. observe

2. A. interested B. skilled C. careful   D. experienced

3. A. learned B. realized C. urged D. admitted

4. A. meet B. help C. guide D. affect

5. A. looking into B. leaving for C. working for D. setting up

6. A. invited B. followed C. reminded D. took

7. A. response B. memory C. concern D. worry

8. A. funds   B. forms C. levels D. gaps

9. A. understand B. consider C. inform D. announce

10. A. ask B. tell C. accept D. offer

11. A. careful B. popular C. productive D. admirable

12. A. wildlife B. seafood C. trade D. health

13. A. business B. consumption C. campaign D. donation

14. A. hardly   B. simply C. exactly D. fully

15. A. saved B. reduced C. killed D. threatened

16. A. complete B. hopeless C. weak D. promising

17. A. unique B. significant C. useless D. protective

18. A. solution B. conclusion C. plan D. development

19. A. votes B. sorts C. plays D. limits

20. A. budget B. connection C. currency D. progress

Writing

話题表达指导

话题介绍

话题：本单元的写作话题是劝导性的书信写作。写作时，要清晰地点出写作目的，并给出充分的理由劝说对方。理由要合情合理，用词要得体，既要委婉礼貌，又要有说服力。

建议体裁：应用文。

注意事项：明确倡议信的“三段式”结构：

1. 点明写信的目的；

2. 分析原因。要有理有据，力求客观、真实、有说服力。语气要委婉、中肯，用词要得体；

3. 重申自己的建议，礼貌结束全文。

题例导学

题目

假定你是某学校学生会主席李华，在世界环境日（6月5日）到来之际，请你代表学生会用英语写一封倡议信向全校师生发出环保倡议。内容包括：

1. 说明环保的重要性；

2. 具体措施；

3. 倡议行动。

注意：

1. 词数100左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3. 开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。

思路引导1 要点分析

1. 保护环境的重要性：环境遭到破坏后产生的变化和这些变化带给我们的警示；

2. 具体措施：不乱扔垃圾、绿色出行、节约资源、资源循环利用等；

3. 倡议行动：表达自己的期望以及号召大家行动起来。

思路引导2 本单元语言知识运用

根据汉语意思及提示翻译句子。

1. 我们的地球受到严重污染，全球变暖导致了极端天气。（severely， global warming）

2.所有的这些现象都在警示我们，保护环境正变得越来越紧迫。（All of these warned us that…）

3. 我们应该有环保意识。绝不随地乱扔垃圾。（drop litter carelessly）

4. 当我们外出时，我们可以选择步行或骑自行车。（when引导的时间状语从句）

5. 让地球变得更好是我们的责任。（It is… to…）

思路引导3 连句成篇

Dear schoolmates，

Student Union

范例展示

Dear schoolmates，

In the past several years， our earth has been severely polluted and global warming has led to extreme weather. All of these warned us that protecting the environment is becoming urgent.

As students， we can still do something. Firstly， we should have environmental awareness. Never drop litter carelessly. What’s more， let’s live a green lifestyle. When we go out， we can choose to walk or ride a bike. Public transportation is also a good choice. Last but not least， try to persuade people around you to protect the environment.

It’s our duty to make the earth better. Let’s take action now.

Student Union

話题表达

假定你是高一学生李华，你校英语报的“Green Life”栏目现向全校师生征稿。请你以“减缓全球变暖，共创美好家园”为主题，用英语写一封倡议信并投稿。内容包括：

1. 全球变暖的影响；

2. 减缓全球变暖的生活方式；

3. 表达期待。

注意：

1. 词数100左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3. 开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。

Dear fellow students，