潘毅 陈建 安仁兵 易督航

摘 要：山地古建筑木结构是中国古建筑的重要组成部分，因其柱底不等高约束而与平地古建筑木结构存在建筑布局、结构特点和抗震性能等方面的差异。近年的古建筑震害调查表明：高烈度区山地古建筑木结构的破坏程度一般重于平地古建筑木结构。为更好地保护山地古建筑木结构，阐述了山地古建筑木结构的基本概念，总结了山地古建筑木结构的建筑特点、结构形式和结构特点，根据多次古建筑震害调查结果，分析了山地古建筑木结构的基础破坏、柱脚滑移、榫卯破坏、柱架扭转、屋面破坏和构架垮塌等典型震害特征及其震害原因，并指出其与平地古建筑震害的异同，从动力特性、分析模型、抗震机理、破坏模式和加固方法等方面阐明了山地古建筑木结构抗震研究的关键科学问题，为后续抗震性能研究指明思路和方向。

关键词：山地建筑;古建筑;木结构;抗震性能;震害特征

中图分类号：TU366.2 文献标志码：A 文章编号：2096-6717（2022）02-0010-12

基金项目：国家自然科学基金（51878559）

作者简介：潘毅（1977- ），男，博士，教授，主要从事结构工程抗震与加固研究，E-mail：panyi@swjtu.edu.cn.

Abstract： Ancient timber structures on sloped lands are an important part of the ancient Chinese architecture. Due to the unequal height constraint at the bottom of columns， they are different from the ancient timber structures on flat lands in the aspects of architecture layout， structure characteristics and seismic performance. In recent years， the investigations on seismic damage of ancient buildings show that the damage degree of ancient timber structures on sloped lands is generally more serious than that on flat lands. To protect ancient timber structures on sloped lands much better， the basic concept of ancient timber structures on sloped lands is expounded and the architecture characteristics，structure forms and structure characteristics of ancient timber structures on sloped lands are summarized. According to the results of many investigations on seismic damage of ancient buildings， the typical earthquake damage characteristics and causes of ancient timber structures on sloped lands are analyzed， such as foundation failure， column foot slip， mortise-tenon failure， column frame torsion， roof failure and frame collapse.The similarities and differences between seismic damage of the ancient timber structures on flat lands and those on sloped lands are pointed out.The key scientific problems of seismic research on ancient timber structures on sloped lands are illustrated from the aspects of dynamic characteristics， analysis model， seismic mechanism， failure mode and reinforcement method and the thinking and direction for the subsequent seismic performance research are pointed out.

Keywords：structures on sloped lands; ancient structures; timber structures; seismic performance; seismic damage charateristics

中国幅员辽阔，地形地貌丰富多样。其中，山地约占全国总面积的1/3[1]。由于地理环境、宗教文化和生产生活等原因，许多古建筑修筑于山地之上。山地起伏大、坡度陡，一些古建筑不得不建于坡地之上，导致结构底部抗侧力构件的约束部位不在同一水平面，且不能简化为同一水平面。这类古建筑定义为山地古建筑。……