摘 要：从古建筑木结构的材料劣化损伤、材性衰退、柱脚节点、榫卯节点缝隙与性能、斗栱性能与构架性能等几个方面探讨古建筑木结构的承载机理。从宏观和微观尺度分析古建木构材料性能，建立构件层次的古木材性时变模型;提出木柱摇摆抬升的力学模型及精细化分析方法;建立榫卯节点缝隙概率分布模型，构建榫卯节点模型及分析方法;分析单朵斗栱力学性能及斗栱层的协同作用;通过摇摆木构架的试验和理论分析总结节点摩擦耗能、重屋盖高位储能、构架长周期摇摆释能的综合抗震机理。

关键词：古建筑木结构;材性劣化;柱脚节点;缝隙统计;榫卯节点;斗栱;摇摆构架

中图分类号：TU366.2 文献标志码：A 文章编号：2096-6717（2022）02-0001-09

基金项目：国家自然科学基金（51338001）

作者简介：杨庆山（1968- ），男，教授，博士生导师，主要从事结构风工程和古建筑木结构研究，E-mail：qshyang@cqu.edu.cn。

Abstract： This paper discussed the bearing mechanism of ancient wooden structure from the aspects of damage and degradation of material， column foot joints， gaps and performance of mortise-tenon joints， performances of Dou-gong and wooden frame. A time-varying model of the wood component was proposed based on the macroscopic and microscopic analysis of the wood properties.Then the mechanical model and the fine analysis method of the wooden column with rocking-uplift behavior were established.Also， the probability distribution model of gaps of mortise-tenon joint was established， the model and analysis method of mortise-tenon joints were constructed.And the mechanical properties of single Dou-gong and the synergistic effect of Dou-gong layer were analyzed.Finally， the comprehensive seismic mechanism including the friction energy dissipation of the joints， gravitational potential energy storage of the heavy roof and the energy release of the frame by long period rocking were summarized through the experiment and theoretical analysis of the rocking wooden frame.

Keywords：traditional wooden buildings; material degradation; column foot joints; statistics of gaps; mortise-tenon joints; Dou-gong connection; rocking frame

木結构是中国古建筑的主要结构形式，已延续了上千年，是中国传统文化的重要载体。古建筑在自然和人为侵害下，存在各类病害和残损，主要包括材质退化、节点与构件残损乃至整体性能劣化，其抗震安全问题尤为突出。

近30年来，众多学者[1-6]进行了古建筑木结构理论、试验等方面的研究，促进了古建筑保护的发展。但古旧木材劣化导致其强度难以准确定量;木构古建构造形制各异，节点类型繁多和缝隙广布、受力性能复杂;振动台试验表明其具有良好的抗震性能[5]，而拟静力试验却显示节点耗能能力低、构件弹性变形小[6-7]，这说明古建木构的承载和抗震机理尚未明晰揭示。……