基于GPS数据和压缩栅格算法的城市路网电子地图快速构建方法
2021-12-28刘善武忽晓阳李进
刘善武 忽晓阳 李进




摘 要: 路网电子地图对城市交通管理领域有重要的作用,但是地图服务机构提供的接口功能有限,商用地图一般价格高昂;而一些基于GPS数据的地图生成算法非常复杂、速度慢,在一些实际应用中受到限制,如区域地图即时更新、道路临时管制、应急路线规划等。为此提出一种直观、可扩展、操作灵活的城市道路地图构建方式。通过奥赛罗坐标化的方式,对单位栅格的表示方式进行重新设计,在改善栅格地图的拓扑表达能力、弥补栅格地图存储空间较大和处理时运算资源需求较多等弊端的同时,实现了地图的快速构建。文章以公共交通服务评估和路网韧性评价为例,展示了这一方法的应用潜力。
关键词: 数字栅格地图; 地图压缩; 地图拼接
中图分类号:TP301.6 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-8228(2021)12-64-05
Abstract: Electronic maps have an important role in the field of urban traffic management, but the interface functions the map servicer provided are limited, and commercial maps are generally expensive. In addition, some map generation algorithms based on GPS data are very complex and slow, which limits their application in some practical scenarios, such as real-time area map updates, temporary road control, emergency route planning and so on. In response to these problems, an intuitive, extensible, and flexible way of constructing urban road maps is proposed. Through Othello's coordinated way, the representation of unit grid is redesigned, while improving the topology expression ability of the raster map; making up for the disadvantages of the raster map in requiring large storage space, and large computing resource during processing, etc., the rapid construction of the map is realized. Taking public transport service evaluation and road network toughness evaluation as examples, the application potential of this method is demonstrated.
Key words: digital raster map; map compression; map stitching
0 引言
路網是整个交通系统的物质基础[1-3]。《哥尼斯堡的七座桥》[4]中的网络图表示法是城市路网的最早表现形式之一,其用节点集表示路口,用边集表示路段。在此基础上衍生出有向图[5]、对偶图[6]、对偶拓扑图[7]、邻近图[8]等方式对地图拓扑结构进行研究。信息化发展的新阶段,地理信息系统相关技术依据空间化建模和信息化分析的优势,在电子地图中发挥着重要的作用[9]。2015年,诺基亚HERE地图以25亿欧元的价格被宝马、奔驰和戴姆勒这三家汽车巨头联合收购,彰显着地图在商业领域越来越重要的地位。
然而,有限的地图接口与商用地图高精度下的……
