张娅 孙舒蕊 张文会 张丽莉

摘 要：為深入分析居住区停车泊位共享参与者行为选择的主要影响因素，提高居住区停车泊位利用率，本文基于居住区和毗邻商业区停车需求高峰的差异性和互补性，选取停车服务、个人属性、停车信息和选择意愿作为潜变量，选取停车费用、停放步行距离和泊位搜寻时间等作为观测变量，分别设计停车泊位供需双方共享意愿调查问卷。采用线上调查和线下走访相结合的方法，获得有效调查问卷718份。运用结构方程模型，系统分析泊位供需双方选择行为路径，获得共享意愿的主要影响因素。结果表明，对于泊位需求者而言，停车服务对泊位使用的影响最为显著，其中停车费用、步行距离和泊位搜寻时间是主要影响因素;对于泊位供应者来说，停车服务对共享意愿的影响最为显著，其中停车收益是主要影响因素。

关键词：泊位共享;共享意愿;泊位共享率;停车收益;结构方程模型

中图分类号：U491.7 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1006-8023（2021）06-0143-08

Abstract：In order to deeply analyze the significant factors that affect the behavior choice of parking space sharing participants and improve the utilization rate of parking spaces in residential areas， based on the differences and complementarities of parking demand peaks between residential areas and adjacent commercial areas， parking services， personal attributes， parking information and choice intention were selected as latent variables， parking costs， walking distance and searching time were selected as observation variables， the questionnaire of sharing willingness about parking spaces supply and demand sides was designed respectively. Using the combination of online survey and offline visit， 718 effective questionnaires were obtained. The structural equation model was used to systematically analyze the choice behavior path of parking spaces supply and demand， and obtain the main influencing factors of sharing intention. The results showed that parking service had the most significant impact on the use of berths. And the parking cost， walking distance and searching time were the main influencing factors. For berth suppliers， parking service had the most significant impact on sharing intention， and parking revenue was the main factor.

Keywords：Parking space sharing; sharing willingness; parking space sharing rate; parking revenue; structural equation model

0 引言

随着我国城市化进程加快，机动车保有量逐年增加，停车泊位供需矛盾日渐突出。为了缓解停车问题，居住区停车泊位共享模式逐渐盛行，特别是商业区的配建停车泊位，为附近居民夜间停车提供了便利。居住区的停车泊位属于个人私有财产，虽然在理论层面和技术层面都具有共享的可行性，但在实际生活中，泊位供需双方参与共享的积极性仍然不高。因此，对居住区停车泊位共享意愿和决策行为展开研究，探究影响泊位共享的关键因素，对提高停车泊位利用率、缓解城市停车问题具有一定的理论意义和应用价值。……