张岳峰 赵慧明 王崇浩 郭传胜 池春青

摘 要：盐碱地的改良要因地制宜，做到保护和利用相结合。山东滨州引黄灌区土地资源丰富，但盐渍化严重，同时可利用水资源少，严重制约了当地北海新区新城的建设。结合当地实际情况，探讨利用引黄灌区淤积泥沙进行盐碱地改良的可行性。根据现有的水系、水源、沙源等资料，论证了黄河水沙资源的可利用性潜力，并提出了利用小开河和簸箕李联合管道输沙工程及引黄济青管道输沙工程实现输沙入田的管道线路布设方案。

关键词：黄河水沙资源;盐碱地改良;引黄灌区;管道输沙;滨州北海新区

中图分类号：TV93;TV882.1

文献标志码：A

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2021.12.032

引用格式：张岳峰，赵慧明，王崇浩，等.利用灌区泥沙改良北海新区盐碱地可行性初探[J].人民黄河，2021，43（12）：155-159.

Abstract： The improvement of saline-alkali soil should be adapted to local conditions by combining protection and utilization. The Yellow River irrigation area in Binzhou， Shandong Province is rich in land resources， but the salinization is serious and the available water resources are few， which have seriously restricted the construction of Beihai economic development zone. Combined with the local actual situation， this paper discussed the feasibility of improving saline-alkali land in Beihai New District by using sediment deposited in the Yellow River irrigation area. According to the existing water system， water source， sediment source and other data， the paper demonstrated the utilization potential of water and sediment resources of the Yellow River， and proposed the layout scheme of the implementation of Xiaokaihe and Bojili joint pipeline sediment transport project and the pipeline sediment transport project of diverting water from the Yellow River to Qingdao.

Key words： water and sediment resources of the Yellow River; improvement of saline-alkali land; Yellow River irrigation area; pipeline sediment transport; Binzhou Beihai New District

土壤鹽渍化是指易溶性盐分在土壤表层积累的现象或过程，也称盐碱化。盐碱地指土壤含有过量可溶性盐类的土地。盐碱地改良的研究一直受到国内外学者的广泛关注[1-6]。目前常用的盐碱地改良技术主要分为物理措施、生物措施、化学措施等，其中：物理措施主要是通过建立完善的排灌系统、深耕晒垄、平整土地、加填客土、翻淤盖沙等手段来改善土壤成分和结构，增强土壤渗透性能，从而加速盐分淋洗;生物措施主要包括种植和翻压绿肥牧草、秸秆还田、施用菌肥、种植耐盐植物等方法，提高土壤肥力，改善农田小气候，减少地表水分蒸发，抑制返盐;化学措施则主要是通过施加石膏、过磷酸钙、泥炭、醋渣、沸石、黑矾等化学改良剂，来降低或消除土壤碱分，改良土壤的理化性质。……