魏云霞，刘丽娟，黄洁，王娟，李天，何冯光

摘  要：平地寬窄行（1.0 m+0.6 m）模拟机械化种植模式下，以我国主栽机械化木薯品种‘NZ199为对象，设置平放顺向对称（T1）、平放顺向交错（T2）、平放斜向对称（T3）、平放斜向交错（T4）、斜插反向对称（T5）、斜插反向交错（T6），共6种双行种茎排布方式，研究其对鲜薯产量、薯块特征及薯构型的影响，以期筛选适宜的木薯机械化种植模式与收获农艺农机参数。结果表明，斜插较平放有助于提高鲜薯产量;斜插反向交错、平放顺向对称的鲜薯产量均较高，分别达41.92～50.11、38.55～48.42 t/hm2，二者结薯的平均垂直行向半幅宽均较窄，仅为22.92～24.09 cm;当收获单株的垂直行向半幅宽为30.0 cm、层深为25.0 cm时，斜插反向交错与平放顺向对称的收获鲜薯产量占比、鲜薯产量均较高，分别达97.54%～98.87%、38.12～40.87 t/hm2。综上，在平地宽窄行机械化种植模式中，推荐斜插反向交错和平放顺向对称种植方式，建议收获机在窄行间的双行作业幅宽120.0 cm、犁深25.0 cm，则可收获98%的鲜薯产量。

关键词：木薯;种茎排布;鲜薯产量;薯构型;农艺农机参数

中图分类号：S533      文献标识码：A

Influence of Different Stake Layouts on Cassava Fresh Root Yield and Storage Root Configuration

WEI Yunxia1， LIU Lijuan1，2， HUANG Jie1*， WANG Juan1，2， LI Tian1，2， HE Fengguang3

1. Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute， Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Cassava Genetic Resources， Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs， Haikou， Hainan 571101， China; 2. College of Tropical Crops， Hainan University， Haikou， Hainan 570228， China; 3. Agricultural Machinery Research Institute， Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences， Zhanjiang， Guangdong 524091， China

Abstract： The effects on the cassava fresh root yield （FRY）， root character， storage root configuration （SRC） were studied to obtain the optimal mechanized planting mode and harvesting agronomic-machinery parameters for cassava. A field experiment with six stake layouts， i.e. horizontal-orthodromic-symmetrical （T1）， horizontal-orthodromic-interlace （T2）， horizontal-slant-symmetrical （T3）， horizontal-slant-interlace （T4）， inclined-reverse-symmetrical （T5）， inclined- reverse-interlace （T6） was conducted. Variety ‘NZ199， which was widely cultivated across the South China and appropriate for mechanization， was used as the test material， adopted wide-narrow row （1.0 m+0.6 m） planting model on the flat field. The inclined model was helpful to increasing FRY than horizontal. The FRY of T6 and T1 was higher than that of others， up to 41.92-50.11， 38.55-48.42 t/hm2， respectively. The average half width across row of T6 and T1 SRC was narrower than others， only 22.92-24.09 cm. When the harvesting half width across row per plant was 30.0 cm and the harvesting depth was 25.0 cm， the fresh storage root weight proportion and their fresh root weight of T6 and T1 were higher than that of others， up to 97.54%-98.87%， 38.12-40.87 t/hm2， respectively. Comprehensive analysis， T6 and T1 were recommended within the wide-narrow row mechanized model on flat field， meanwhile， the parameter of 120.0 cm harvesting width and 25.0 cm depth were suggested for the double rows harvesting machine among narrow rows， then 98% of the FRY could be harvested.

Keywords： cassava; stake layout; fesh root yield; storage root configuration; agronomic - machinery parameters

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.10.019

木薯是全球贫困地区重要的粮食和经济支柱，广泛用作粮食、饲料、工业原料[1-2]，国际上超8亿人以木薯为粮食[3]。木薯作为我国热区重要的经济作物，是我国“走出去”的重要推进作物之一[4]，在“一带一路”的东南亚、非洲等国家发挥重要的技术支撑作用[5]。木薯种植有平放、斜插和直插3种方式[6]。陈霆等[7]、Ogundare[8]指出，木薯斜插较平放可增产8.6%～20.0%。Shadrack等[9]发现，木薯斜插较平放减产17.5%。Abdullahi等[10]则指出，因木薯品种而异，斜插较平放增产与减产现象并存。……