航空发动机涡轮叶片故障诊断分析方法 Analysis Method of Fault Diagnosis of Turbine Blades for Aero Engines
2021-11-30黄超伟HUANGChao-wei马乐MALe
黄超伟 HUANG Chao-wei 马乐 MA Le






摘要:发动机被称为飞机的心脏,而涡轮叶片是航空发动机最重要的部件,因此涡轮叶片的可靠性对飞机来说至关重要。但它也因工作环境恶劣的原因成为发动机最容易出现故障的地方。因此,航空发动机涡轮叶片的故障检测、故障分析对飞机安全飞行意义重大。本文通过对不同状况下飞机涡轮叶片所采取不同检测方法对涡轮叶片上的缺陷进行故障检测与分析,研究叶片失效原因,确保飞机安全飞行。
Abstract: The engine is called the heart of the aircraft, and the turbine blades are the most important component of the aircraft engine, so the reliability of the turbine blades is critical to the aircraft. But it is also the most prone to engine failure due to poor working conditions. Therefore, the fault detection and fault analysis of turbine blades of aero engines is of great significance to the safe flight of aircraft. In this paper, the fault detection and analysis of defects on turbine blades are carried out by different detection methods taken in different conditions, the causes of blade failure are studied, and the safe flight of aircraft is ensured.
關键词:涡轮叶片;故障检测;故障分析;安全飞行
Key words: turbine blades;fault detection;fault analysis;failure
中图分类号:V263.1 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1674-957X(2021)22-0125-02
0 引言
1963-1978年美空军发生约3800起飞行事故,发动机结构故障占43.47%,失效原因有:风扇叶片断裂,压气机叶片产生疲劳裂纹、涡轮叶片断裂等[1]。1998-2003年,我国飞行事故中发动机故障占50.5%,其中叶片断裂约45%[2]。
对于涡轮叶片来说,其科技含量高,我国的航空工业起步较晚,航空科技领域具有一定的短板。而在先进的欧美发达国家,涡轮发动机从生产到维修,都具有先进的技术保障。比如欧美国家的涡轮发动机涡轮前的燃烧的温度可以经达到了1700K以上温度而不因热应力和巨大离心力产生失效。不说生产研发和制造技术,就单从维修技术上看,仍有不小差距[3]。从目前我国的涡轮叶片维修现实情况看,想要提高维修能力,必须要重视对涡轮叶片失效分析的基本研究。资料显示,近年来航空发动机发生的重大事故中,绝大部分原因都是涡轮叶片失效[4],如图1所示。……
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