杜锐

一、写作中的“分词结构不能少”

在一线写作教学实践中，有的老师将自己的教学智慧凝聚为以下口诀：肯定不如双否好，陈述不如倒装妙;主动不如被动巧，分词结构不能少。从应试的角度来看，这句口诀是有一定道理的。

为什么“分词结构不能少”？

首先，它能让句子简洁。例如，“When I know that our library is going to buy some books， Id like to give some suggestions.”可以直接简化为“Knowing our library is going to buy some books， Id like to give some suggestions.”

其次，它利于表意准确。例如，“她蹦蹦跳跳地来到教室”这一语义，就只能用分词状语传达，即She came bouncing into the classroom.

最后，它因为凸显了英语的独特性，使得英语表达十分地道。

总之，为了表意的准确与地道，分词的使用十分必要。

二、什么是“附着分词”？

本文主要聚焦“附着分词”，浅谈“附着分词”在英语读后续写中的应用。那么，什么是“附着分词”呢？下面举两个例子来帮助大家理解。

1.He came in， radiating confidence.

2.He came in， face radiating confidence.

大家观察一下上述两句中的radiate，可以发现：第一句中radiating的主语是主句的主语He，也就是说第一句中的radiating是附着于主句主语的;而第二句中radiating的主语不是主句主语He，而是face，这时的radiating就不是附着分词，而是独立分词。因为它有自己独立的主语。

三、附着分词的形式择定

附着分词主要有两种形式，即doing与done。那么，使用时该选择何种形式？同学们可参考6字心决：找主语，判关系。这里的关系是指判断分词与其主语是主动关系还是被动关系。

一般情况下，6字心诀就够用了。然而，如果分词与主句动词发生时间存在先后问题，同学们就要考虑使用having done或having been done的形式，此时需要使用9字心诀：找主语、判关系、定先后。

1.    （see） from the moon， the astronauts（宇航员）find the earth green.

2. （see） from the moon， the earth looks green.

3.She walked in， （follow） by a dog.

4.She walked in， （follow） her teacher.

5.Beauty， （accompany） by virtue（品德）， is like a flower without perfume（芳香）.

6.The boy， （accompany） his friends to the cinema， went to the library alone.

7. （review） his lessons， he went to bed.

8. （show） around the five houses for kids and fathers， Grace fell in deep love with the No.3 house.

【答案】1.Seeing;2.Seen;3.followed;4.following;5.not accompanied;6.not accompanying;7.Having reviewed;8.Having been shown。

四、如何使用附著分词？

（一）分词结构与状语从句间的转换

这是附着分词的本质用法。当状语从句的主语与主句主语相同时，我们可以将状语从句转换为分词结构。如：

When I heard the news， I feel excited.

这里表示时间的状语从句与主句共享主语，所以可以把状语从句改为分词结构，从而形成以下句子：

Hearing the news， I feel excited.

1.When I know that our library is going to buy some books， Id like to give some suggestions.

2.Since students are fond of English songs， they surely expect some native singers to perform.

3.Though he was defeated， he remained a popular boxer.

4.We chase happiness and equal it with wealth and success， but we dont notice that the people having those things are not necessarily happier.

【答案】

1.Knowing that our library is going to buy some books， Id like to give some suggestions.

2.Being fond of English songs， they surely expect some native singers to perform.

3.Defeated， he remained a popular boxer.

4.We chase happiness and equal it with wealth and success， not noticing that the people having those things are not necessarily happier.

通过上述的转换练习，我们可以明确：分词状语是可以与表示时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随、结果的状语从句互换的。

（二）高考写作中的模块用法

笔者在此总结了6个语义模块，这6个语义模块在写作中十分常见。大家熟记它们之后，可以在考试中直接提取利用，省却思考时间。

1.得知消息有行动

（1） （hear） that you are to return to your country， I want to express my wishes to you.

（2）Delightedly （know） that you are interested in Chinese culture， I am more than willing to offer some introduction of Chinese painting.

2.看见现象有反应

（3） （see） the scene of the bear tearing down the fences， she was thrilled with terror.

（4） （cast） a despising glance at those who laugh at him， he went on doing his experiment.

3.思考回忆有新感

（5） （think） of the instructions his teacher often gives him， he blushed.

（6） （recall） the past spent with you， I am overwhelmed with gratitude.

4.怀着感情来做事

（7）  （cherish） much gratitude， I write this letter with the purpose of sharing some heart-felt words with you.

（8） （overwhelm） with the pride， I strongly suggest choosing Chinese Knot（中國结）as a small gift to your friends.

5.不要犹豫能促成

（9）Dont hesitate to attend Davids class，   （contribute） to your better understanding of English history.

（10）Dont hesitate to join us in singing songs，  （fuel） your happiness in spare time.

6.描述特征能深入

（11） （characterize） by humor and generosity， he is very popular among us.

（12） （feature） by quiet atmosphere， this class always gets No.1.

【答案】（1）Hearing;（2）knowing;（3）Seeing;（4）Casting;（5）Thinking;（6）Recalling;（7）Cherishing;（8）Overwhelmed;（9）contributing;（10）fueling;（11）Characterized;（12）Featured。

以上六大语义模块，有利于同学们提高应用附着分词状语的速度与准确度，值得背诵记忆。

五、实战练一练

下面以2020年7月山东省高考读后续写真题为例，阐述附着分词作状语的用处。

The Meredith family lived in a small community. As the economy was in decline， some people in the town had lost their jobs. Many of their families were struggling to make ends meet（使收支平衡）. People were trying to help each other meet the challenges.

Mrs. Meredith was a most kind and thoughtful woman. She spent a great deal of time visiting the poor. She knew they had problems， and they needed all kinds of help. When she had time， she would bring food and medicine to them.

One morning she told her children about a family she had visited the day before. There was a man sick in bed， his wife， who took care of him and could not go out to work， and their little boy. The little boy—his name was Bernard—had interested her very much.

“I wish you could see him，” she said to her own children， John， Harry， and Clara.“ He is such a help to his mother. He wants very much to earn some money， but I dont see what he can do.”

After their mother left the room， the children sat thinking about Bernard. “I wish we could help him to earn money，” said Clara. “His family is suffering so much.”

“So do I，” said Harry. “We really should do something to assist them.”

For some moments， John said nothing， but， suddenly， he sprang to his feet and cried， “I have a great idea！ I have a solution that we can all help accomplish（完成）.”

The other children also jumped up all attention. When John had an idea， it was sure to be a good one. “I tell you what we can do，” said John. “You know that big box of corn Uncle John sent us？ Well， we can make popcorn（爆米花）， and put it into paper bags， and Bernard can take it around to the houses and sell it.”

注意：1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请按照如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Paragraph 1： When Mrs. Meredith heard of Johns idea， she thought it was a good one， too.

Paragraph 2： With everything ready， Bernard started out on his new business.

【简要分析】文章讲述了热心的Mrs. Meredith与孩子们得知Bernard家生活困难后，想办法帮助他挣钱补贴家用的故事。文章在“Mrs. Meredith的三个小孩想出‘做爆米花卖的主意后”戛然而止。根据给定两段的续写首句，我们可以确定续段一的内容包括：三个小孩积极准备，最后成功邀请Bernard加入卖爆米花的活动中;续段二的內容则包括：Bernard卖爆米花的过程，以及他的行为与感受。在叙述过程中，我们可以在文中灵活应用上述六大语义模块，从而让“附着分词状语”熠熠生辉！

【范文呈现】范文中划横线的“附着分词状语”有效地传达了有关“动作、情感以及特征”等信息，同时也丰富了句式结构。

Paragraph 1

When Mrs. Meredith heard of Johns idea， she thought it was a good one， too.

（1）Having exchanged glances with Mrs. Meredith， John immediately arranged different tasks for Harry and Clara.

（2）Harboring great excitement， Harry and Clara ran out， intending to borrow a popcorn machine.

（3）And John， overwhelmed with joy too， dashed to Bernards home.

（4）It was in a flash that John found Bernard， and told him his plan.

（5）“Dont hesitate to join us， contributing to some family income.” John added， voice laden with expectation.

（6）Facing this gracious invitation， Bernard was at a loss for what to say.

（7）No sooner had he nodded than John grasped his hand and dragged him away.

（8）Later， these children got together at Johns home and started to make popcorn.

Paragraph 2

With everything ready， Bernard started out on his new business.

（1）At the beginning， characterized by the shyness， Bernard failed to sell some popcorn.

（2）However， encouraged by John， he gradually gain courage and sold some popcorn successfully.

（3）With time going by， Bernard attracted a large quantity of people.

（4）Therefore， it didnt take long before Bernard sold all his popcorn.

（5）Seeing the money brought by his labor， he couldnt help jumping with excitement.

（6）The next two minutes witnessed the boy run jumping to Mrs. Meredith.

（7）“Thank you， Mrs. Meredith.” Bernard said simply in front of this Lady， eyes seeming to shine with tears.

（8）“Boy， its also a pleasure to help you. Go home to help your father. ” said the kind women， face radiating boundless love.

六、結语

本文仅仅是讲述了“附着分词状语”的使用方法，事实上，附着分词还可以作定语，如“In English， there are many words borrowed from Latin， French， or even Chinese.”因此，对分词结构的学习，同学们须臾不能放松。对于上述六大语义的附着分词状语，希望同学们能够熟读成诵，进而在写作中进行使用，从而获取满意的高分。