尹蒙蒙

【国际政治研究】 DOI：10.14182/j.cnki.j.anu.2021.06.007

关键词：美国;“岛链”战略;亚太战略

摘 要：冷战初期，美国基于反共、防共、遏制共产主义影响而构建的“岛链”战略，其核心在于同太平洋近岸岛屿地区和国家的一系列安全保障条约。在“岛链”战略中，美国对不同的盟友关系进行了定位，美日同盟构成了战略的核心，美韩同盟是战略的心理安慰剂，美菲同盟形成了战略的基础，美台同盟则是遏制中国的关键。此外，为充分整合“岛链”战略的资源，美国政府把“岛链”分为离岸岛屿链、食物供应链、战略物资供应链、西亚链等四条“链”。冷战结束后，在美国政府不断维护和巩固其霸权的努力下，“岛链”战略对美国大战略的实施具有十分重要的当代影响，它不仅促进美国及其盟友之间的权力均衡，还助力维持其在亚太地区霸权的稳固，遏制日益发展的中国。

中图分类号：D819文献标志码：A文章编号：1001-2435（2021）06-0063-13

The Construction of U.S. Asia-Pacific Island Chain Strategy and Its Contemporary Significance

YIN Meng-meng （School of History，Anhui Normal University，Wuhu Anhui 241002，China）

Key words：the United States;island chain strategy;Asia-Pacific strategy

Abstract：In the early days of the Cold War，the United States developed an “island chain” strategy based on anti-communism and containment of the influence of the Communist Party. The core of the strategy was a series of security treaties with islands and countries on the coast of the Western Pacific region. The United States has positioned different alliances based on its strategic focus in the island chain strategy. According to the change of international situation，American government views U.S.-Japan alliance as the core，U.S.-Korea alliance as the psychological comfort，U.S.-Philippines alliance as the basis，and US-Taiwan alliance as the key to contain China. In addition，in order to fully integrate the resources of the island chain strategy，the “island chain” was divided into four “chains”：offshore islands chain，food supply chain，strategic material supply chain，and West Asia chain. After the end of the Cold War，under the continuous efforts of the U.S. government to maintain and consolidate its hegemony，the island chain strategy has been a kind of contemporary influence on the implementation of the U.S. grand strategy. It not only promotes the balance of power between the United States and its allies，but also helps maintain the stability of its hegemony in the Asia-Pacific region and contain the rising China.

美國国防部发布的2019年《印太战略报告》（Indo-Pacific Strategy Report），体现了美国亚太战略重心的变化，也显示了特朗普政府对亚太地区力量分布的新的考量。但是，这并非意味着美国不再关注太平洋地区的战略重要性。从历史上来看，从美国早期的太平洋战略，到亚太战略，到亚太再平衡战略，再到当前的印太战略，美国政府的亚太战略调整都离不开对太平洋沿岸国家和地区的关注和重视。其中一个重要体现就是，美国对太平洋近海岸岛屿地区和国家的利用以及“岛链”战略（Island Chain Strategy）的构建和实施。“岛链”战略作为二战……