信瑶瑶 张申

【学科探源】 DOI：10.14182/j.cnki.j.anu.2021.06.003

关键词：个人主义;整体主义;经济学方法论;中国经济学

摘 要：个人主义和整体主义是社会科学领域最为根本的本体论与方法论问题。近代中国经济学的体系构建探索，即涉及了针对这两种方法论的讨论。研究发现：（1）从20世纪初至40年代，中国经济研究经历了从关注个人主义到强调整体主义的思想转变，很多学者从理论优越性以及本土适用性的角度出发，主张在构建中国经济学时应采取整體主义;（2）整体主义在构建中国经济学过程中受到更多关注，原因在于，整体主义在近代中国危难局势下更有利于实现民族独立，并且符合中国传统经济思想的思维惯性，同时，该思潮的产生也在一定程度上迎合了世界范围内政府干预思想的上升趋势;（3）近代中国经济学对于个体主义和整体主义的认识局限性主要表现在，未能充分认识前者对于经济自发调节的积极作用，并且片面地理想化了后者的优势作用。在中国特色社会主义政治经济学的方法论选择中，应探索个人主义与整体主义的有机统一，在坚持以人民为中心的同时充分发挥市场机制的作用。

中图分类号：F091.3文献标志码：A文章编号：1001-2435（2021）06-0024-10

Individualism and Holism in the Construction of Modern Chinese Economics

XIN Yao-yao1，2，ZHANG Shen3 （1.Department of Economics，Shanghai Party Institute of CPC，Shanghai 200233，China; 2. School of Economics，Fudan University，Shanghai 200433，China;3. Institute of Economics，Shanghai Academy of Social Science，Shanghai 200020，China）

Key words：individualism; holism; economic methodology; Chinese Economics

Abstract：Individualism and holism are the most fundamental ontological and methodological issues in the field of social science. The exploration of the construction of the Chinese economics system in early modern times involves a lively discussion of these two methodologies. The research found that：（1） From the early 20th century to the 1940s，Chinese economic research experienced an ideological change from individualism to holism. From the perspective of theoretical superiority and local applicability，many scholars advocated that holism should be adopted when constructing Chinese Economics; （2） Holism has received more attention in the process of constructing Chinese Economics because holism is more conducive to the realization of national independence under the crisis of early modern times in China，and conforms to the inertia of traditional Chinese economic thinking. To a certain extent，the emergence of this thought trend also caters to the rising trend of government intervention thoughts around the world; （3） There are limitations in the understandings of individualism and holism in early modern Chinese economic circles，which is that many scholars didnt fully appreciate the positive role of individualism in economic spontaneous adjustment，and idealized the advantages of holism. In the methodological choice of Political Economy of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics，we should explore the organic unity of individualism and holism and give full play to the role of the market mechanism while adhering to “people-centered”.

一、引 言

党的十八大以来，习近平总书记高度重视发展中国特色社会主义政治经济学，对当前中国经济研究提出了任务与要求，也掀起了学术界关于构建中国经济学体系的讨论热潮。[1-7]方法论作为经济学中的经典议题，是中国经济学体系构建必须探讨的一项重要内容。……