杨仲韬 李征 王小平 渠元闯 王彪

摘 要：包头二道沙河及南海湿地近年来存在生态基流量小、入河污染物总量大、水体自净能力不足、生态系统脆弱等问题，针对上述问题提出了生态治理总体方案：以水资源循环利用为基础，将流域内污水处理厂外排的再生水收集后输送至河道及湿地进行生态补水，利用挡水堰及河道地形构建包含滞留塘、人工水草、人工物质迁移系统、生态净化床的河道走廊湿地，建设以多级多槽湿地为主的湿地生态修复区和以近自然湿地为主的湿地生态保护区。该方案可以实现再生水的循环利用，改善二道沙河及南海湿地的生态环境，削减包头市经由二道沙河及南海湿地进入黄河的污染物总量。

关键词：水资源循环利用;河道走廊湿地;多级多槽湿地;近自然湿地;二道沙河;南海湿地

中图分类号：X52;TV211.1

文献标志码：A

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2021.10.018

引用格式：杨仲韬，李征，王小平，等.二道沙河及南海湿地生态治理总体方案研究[J].人民黄河，2021，43（10）：93-96，118.

Abstract： In recent years， Erdaosha River and Nanhai Wetland in Baotou are facing problems such as lack of ecological flow， large amount of pollutants entering into the river， insufficient self purification capacity of water body， and fragile ecosystem. Based on the water resources recycling， the reclaimed water discharged from the sewage treatment plant in the basin was collected and transported to the river channel and wetland as ecological water supplement through the water diversion system. The channel wetland including detention pond， artificial water grass， artificial material transfer system and ecological purification bed was constructed by using water retaining weir and river topography. The wetland ecological restoration area with multi-level and multi-trough wetland as the main body and the wetland ecological protection area with near natural wetland as the main body were constructed. The implementation of this scheme could realize the resources utilization of reclaimed water， improve the ecological environment of Erdaosha River and Nanhai Wetland， give full play to its role of ecological barrier， and reduce the total amount of pollutants entering into the Yellow River through Erdaosha River in Baotou City， which was of great significance to protect the ecological security of the Yellow River.

Key words： water resources recycling; channel wetland; multi level and trough wetland; near natural wetland; Erdaosha River; Nanhai Wetland

包頭二道沙河发源于乌兰胡同，出山口以后一路向南，中间有三道沙河、西河、头道沙河等支流汇入，沿途经过包兰铁路、同官村、南绕城公路、南黄线公路等最终汇入黄河。二道沙河为黄河一级支流，全长约18.6 km，流域面积83 km2。二道沙河是包头市“四纵四横、四湖四库、三水网”城市水系布局中重要的“一纵”，现为泄洪、排涝通道。包头市南海湿地自然保护区是以保护珍稀鸟类及其赖以生存的黄河滩涂湿地生态系统为主的综合性自然保护区。……