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基于SWAT模型的黑河与白河流域水文模拟研究

2021-11-08奚建梅杨现坤吕喜玺胡海珠

人民黄河 2021年10期

奚建梅 杨现坤 吕喜玺 胡海珠

摘 要:若尔盖湿地是我国最大的泥炭沼泽地,自然资源丰富。黑河与白河是该湿地中最大的两条河流,黑河与白河流域的水文模拟研究对于了解流域内的水文变化情况具有重要意义。利用黑河若尔盖水文站和白河唐克水文站2009—2016年的实测水文数据,对黑河与白河流域进行SWAT水文模拟。结果表明:唐克站率定期的决定系数R2和纳什效率系数Ens分别为0.79和0.73,若尔盖站率定期的R2和Ens分别为0.72和0.72;验证期唐克站和若尔盖站的R2分别为0.77和0.62,Ens分别为0.72和0.61,模拟结果比较理想;SWAT模型在黑河与白河流域有较好的适用性。

關键词:黑河与白河流域;SWAT模型;水文模拟

中图分类号:P343 文献标志码:A

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2021.10.012

引用格式:奚建梅,杨现坤,吕喜玺,等.基于SWAT模型的黑河与白河流域水文模拟研究

[J].人民黄河,2021,43(10):60-66,113.

Abstract:The Zoige wetland is the largest peat swamp in China and is rich in natural resources. The Heihe River and Baihe River are the two largest rivers in the wetland. The hydrological simulation of the Heihe River and Baihe River Basins is of great significance for understanding the hydrological changes in the basin. In this study, the SWAT hydrological simulations of the Heihe and Baihe River basins were carried out by using the measured hydrological data from the Heihe Zoige Hydrological Station and the Baihe Tangke Hydrological Station from 2009 to 2016. The results show that the regular decision coefficient R2 and the Nash efficiency coefficient Ens of the Tangke Station rate are 0.79 and 0.73 in the calibration periods, and the R2 and Ens of the Zoige Station rate are 0.72 and 0.72 in the calibration periods, respectively. In the validation periods, the R2 of the Tangke Station and the Zoige Station are 0.77 and 0.62, respectively, and the Ens are 0.72 and 0.61, respectively. The simulation results are ideal. It shows that the SWAT model has good applicability in the Heihe and Baihe River basins.

Key words: Heihe and Baihe River Basin; SWAT model; hydrological simulation

1 引 言

若尔盖湿地位于青藏高原东部的黄河上游,是黄河源区的重要组成部分,每年可以为黄河提供其45%的径流量,当之无愧地成了母亲河的“蓄水池”[1]。同时,若尔盖湿地是长江支流白龙江的发源地和嘉陵江上游水源的重要涵养地,对长江、黄河上游及其支流的水源涵养、水土保持发挥着重要作用。近年来,受人类活动的影响,若尔盖湿地的草场退化、植被覆盖率降低、土地沙漠化较为严重,湿地严重萎缩,湿地内部的水沙变化使得若尔盖湿地的生态功能严重退化,进而导致黄河的水量减少,流量季节性变化增大,含沙量增加,严重影响了湿地的可持续发展。

SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)模型是20世纪90年代,在美国农业部农业研究中心Jeff Arnold博士主持下,将SWRRB模型与河道演算ROTO模型进行整合而开发形成的水文模型。……

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