李桂玉

摘 要：碳纤维增强树脂复合材料（CFRP）因其具备高比强度、各向异性与层压性等特征，在进行加工时易出现分层、毛刺、撕裂与其他缺陷。运用金刚石磨片进行高速切削能够有效提升碳纤维复合材料的加工质量。但显然受刀具振动影响，在对刀具和主轴进行有限元分析基础上，研究刀具和主轴振动对精密切削CFRP切削形态的影响，并且通过测量主轴振动幅度进行验证。理论研究与实验结果表明，切削力对主轴固有振动刺激影响较小;碳纤维间歇切割是主轴额外振动的重要来源;碳纤维复合材料本身存在较多缺陷，例如：微孔、微裂纹等，由于切削工具振动幅度正在进一步增大，主轴振动是在高速微切削中造成CFRP损坏的首要原因。

关键词：碳纤维增强树脂复合材料;主轴振动;精密切割;机床加工;振动频率

中图分类号：TB332 文献标识码：A     文章编号：1001-5922（2021）10-0137-03

Analysis of Influence of Tool and Spindle Vibration on Precision Cutting CFRP Material

Li Guiyu

（Dongying Vocational Institute， Dongying 257091， China）

Abstract：Carbon fiber reinforced resin composites （CFRP） are prone to delamination， burr， tear and other defects during processing due to their high specific strength， anisotropy and laminating properties. High-speed cutting with diamond grinders can effectively improve the machining quality of carbon fiber composites. However， due to the influence of tool vibration， based on the finite element analysis of tool and spindle， the influence of tool and spindle vibration on the cutting shape of precision cutting CFRP was studied， and the vibration amplitude of spindle was measured to verify the effect. Theoretical research and experimental results show that the cutting force has little effect on the natural vibration stimulation of the spindle. Intermittent cutting of carbon fiber is an important source of extra vibration of spindle. Carbon fiber composites themselves have many defects， such as microholes， microcracks， etc.， because the vibration amplitude of cutting tools is further increasing， spindle vibration is the primary cause of CFRP damage in high-speed microcutting.

Key words：carbon fiber reinforced resin composites; spindle vibration; precision cutting; machine tool processing; vibration frequency

0 引言

碳纤维复合材料具有高比模量、较低密度、耐高温、高比强度以及出色的抗震能等优势特征，被众多工业领域广泛应用。基于CFRP具备多种优异特征，在传统钻孔、铣削和切割方法中基体极易发生破碎、毛刺、分層以及纤维层断裂等现象。加工技术逐渐先进，因此对机床技工质量与精准度提出较高要求，高速度精密切削方式能够有效提升机床加工的精确度。文章提到CFRP在经过精密划片机切割后，所得到的复合材料表面光滑、损伤程度较小。但是，实验结果显示，机床主轴的振动对CFRP的表面光滑程度产生较大影响，高速度切削中机床主轴的振动将直接影响机床加工的精密度。……