董晓 金腾 李纪磊 李红霞

摘 要：铁路货物运输在整个运输领域中发挥着重要作用，但列车运行中车轮磨损大大降低了轮对的使用寿命。本研究以C80货车车轮作为研究对象，研究豪克能金属强化技术对车轮耐磨性方面的影响。研究结果表明：豪克能加工后的货车车轮表面晶粒更加均匀细化、硬度提高15%以上，加工区域预置了较高的压应力。经豪克能工艺强化后，列车轮表面形成了超过1mm的强化层，列车行驶19.84万km后，踏面圆周磨耗减磨比例达12.2%。

关键词：轮对;磨耗;超声滚压;硬度;残余应力

中图分类号：TG404 文献标识码：A     文章编号：1001-5922（2021）10-0185-04

Comprehensive Research on Strengthening and Anti-wear Technology of C80 Freight Car Wheels

Dong Xiao1， Jin Teng2， Li Jilei2， Li Hongxia2

（1. Shenhua Railway Equipment Co.， Ltd.， Beijing 100120， China; 2.Shandong Huayun Electromechanical Science and Technology Co.， Ltd.， Ji nan 250000， China）

Abstract：Railway freight transportation plays an important role in the entire transportation field， however， the wheel-rail wear during train operation greatly reduces the service life of the wheelset. In this study， C80 freight car wheels were used as the research object to study the influence of Hawking metal strengthening technology on the wear resistance of wheels. The results show that after Hawking processing， the grains of the wheel surface are more uniform and refined， and the hardness increased by more than 15% the residual tensile stress on the surface is completely eliminated， and processing area is preset with a higher compressive stress. After being strengthened by Hawking， the surface of the train wheel has formed a strengthened layer of more than 1mm，after the train traveled 198，400 kilometers， the circumferential abrasion of the tread has been reduced by 12.2%.

Key words：wheelset; wear; ultrasonic rolling; hardness; residual stress

車轮是铁路货车的重要行走部件，承载着列车的全部重量，在行驶过程中与钢轨持续作用而产生磨损。车轮磨损主要表现为踏面垂直磨耗，磨耗超限则会影响正常的轮轨关系，需要进行镟修[1]。重载和提速是当今铁路货运的发展趋势，随着铁路货车载重量、运输量的增加，货车车轮磨耗速率加快，镟修周期逐渐缩短[2]。据调研，神华C80货车车轮平均约每40万km镟修1次。神华货车公司现有各类铁路货车近50000辆，通过新型技术手段减缓车轮磨耗，延长车轮镟修周期具有极高的学术研究价值和经济价值。

豪克能技术是利用法向静压力、滚压力及20～40kHz冲击力在常温工况下对金属材料进行表面强化加工形成改质层，利用材料的流动塑性变形能力使表层金属晶粒细化、位错增殖、硬度提升，同时在表层产生高值残余压应力以提高材料抗疲劳性能。……