甘肃陇南徽成盆地小麦赤霉病发生原因与防控策略
2021-10-28曹世勤杨晓辉袁小平贾秋珍孙振宇王万军刘卫红
曹世勤 杨晓辉 袁小平 贾秋珍 孙振宇 王万军 刘卫红
摘要:小麦赤霉病已成为当前继条锈病后严重制约陇南徽成盆地小麦生产上的最主要病害,同时也是影响小麦食品质量安全的最重要的病害之一。基于近年来小麦赤霉病在陇南徽成盆地的发生特点及现状,分析了其发生的原因,从选育和种植抗病品种、提高田间管理水平、完善秸秆还田技术措施、加强监测预警、加强应急防治、及时收获等方面提出了防控对策。
关键词:小麦;赤霉病;发生;防治;徽成盆地
中图分类号:S435.121 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-1463(2021)10-0073-06
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2021.10.015
Occurrence of Wheat Fusarium Head Blight(FHB) and Control Strategy in Huicheng Basin of Southern Gansu Province
CAO Shiqin 1,2,3, YANG Xiaohui 4, YUAN Xiaoping 4, JIA Qiuzhen 2,3,5, SUN Zhenyu 2,3,5, WANG Wanjun 6,LIU Weihong 7
(1. Institute of Wheat, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou Gansu 730070, China; 2. National Agricultural Experimental Station for Plant Protection at Gangu, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P. R. China, Gangu Gansu 741200, China; 3. Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Tianshui, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P. R. China, Gangu Gansu 741200, China; 4. Huixian Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Huixian Gansu 742300, China; 5. Institute of Plant Protection, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou Gansu 730070, China; 6. Gangu Testing Station, Tianshui Agricultural Sciences, Gangu Gansu 741200, China; 7. Plant Protection and Quarantine Station of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Gansu 730000, China)
Abstract:Fusarium head blight(FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum, is one of the most important diseases in wheat followed by wheat stripe rust in Huicheng basin, and also one of the most important diseases affecting wheat food quality and safety. In this paper, we summarize the situation of FHB occurrence characteristics and current situation, and analyze the major reasons of FHB in these years in Huicheng basin, southern Gansu province, and the corresponding prevention and control countermeasures of FHB in field were put forward from the aspects of breeding and planting resistant varieties, improving field management level, perfecting straw returning technology measures, strengthening monitoring and early warning, strengthening emergency prevention and control, timely harvesting, etc.
Key words:Wheat;Fusarium head blight(FHB); Occurence; Control; Huicheng
小麥赤霉病(Fusarium head blight,FHB)是由以禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium graminearum Schw)为主的多种镰刀菌引起的、发生于小麦穗部的重要病害[1 - 2 ],也是一种世界性病害[3 ],主要发生于温暖湿润地区[4 - 5 ]。在我国黄淮麦区南部、长江中下游麦区,赤霉病自2012 年大暴发以来,其发生面积和发生程度一直处于高位,其中在2015年,河北、山东、河南、江苏、安徽等省的小麦赤霉病中等偏重到大发生,江苏、安徽发病面积占种植面积的2/3以上[6 - 7 ]。近年来,小麦赤霉病在全国范围内呈进一步北扩西移态势, 目前常发区已扩展到黄淮南部麦区,东北春小麦和西北冬春小麦上也呈逐年加重趋势。小麦赤霉病之所以成为全球范围内最主要的病害,主要原因是发生范围广、产量损失大,更为重要的是危害严重。特别是镰刀菌侵染籽粒后,将会在小麦籽粒灌浆成熟过程中不断繁殖生长,并在小麦籽粒中产生包括脱氧雪腐镰孢菌烯醇(DON)、雪腐镰孢菌烯醇(NIV)和玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)等在内的多种毒素,人畜误食后将会使得肌体免疫力下降,致畸致癌,导致孕妇流产等多种致病作用。……
