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三明市杂交稻新品种的引进与适宜性评价

2021-10-28连彬

福建农业科技 2021年8期

摘 要:为筛选出适合在三明市明溪县、尤溪县两地推广的最佳水稻品种,以中浙优8号为对照,选取禾两优676、Ⅱ优3301、谷优353等3个优质水稻杂交品种开展试验,对品种的生育期、主要农艺性状、产量及抗性等因素进行比较分析。结果表明:禾两优676在尤溪县、明溪县的产量最高及表现稳定,产量分别为9624 kg·hm2和9437 kg·hm2,均显著高于其他3种水稻品种,且抗病性优于其他参试品种,适合在尤溪县、明溪县进一步推广。

关键词:杂交稻;品种;比较试验;三明市

中图分类号:S 511   文献标志码:A   文章编号:0253-2301(2021)08-0053-04

DOI: 10.13651/j.cnki.fjnykj.2021.08.009

Introduction and Suitability Evaluation of New Varieties of Hybrid Rice in Sanming City

LIAN Bin

(Sanming Seed Station, Sanming, Fujian 365001, China)

Abstract: In order to screen out the best rice varieties suitable for the promotion in Mingxi County and Youxi County of Sanming City, by taking Zhongzheyou 8 as the control group, the three high-quality hybrid varieties of rice, namely Heliangyou 676, Ⅱ You 3301 and Guyou 353, were selected to carry out the experiment, and then the factors of growth period, main agronomic characters, yield and resistance were compared and analyzed. The results showed that Heliangyou 676 had the highest and stable yield in Youxi County and Mingxi County. The yield was respectively 9624 kg·hm2 and 9437 kg·hm2, which was significantly higher than that of the other three rice varieties, and the disease resistance was better than that of the other tested varieties, which was suitable for the further promotion in Youxi County and Mingxi County.Key words: Hybrid rice; Varieties; Comparative test; Sanming City

水稻是世界上最重要的粮食作物之一,也是我国粮食安全的重要保障,提高水稻产量,是保障我国粮食安全的有效途径之一[1]。三明市是国家级杂交水稻种子生产大市,在保障我国粮食安全方面发挥着至关重要的作用[2]。2018年,三明市粮食总产量达到93.36万t,其中稻谷产量为78.27万t,占比83.8%。但三明市2018年稻谷单产仅为6457 kg·hm2,低于同年全国稻谷单产7020 kg·hm2。三明市拥有着国家级杂交水稻基地优势,但稻谷单产却低于全国水平,这侧面反应三明市水稻亩产量仍有较大的提升空间,在该市推广优质杂交水稻品种,提高水稻亩产量迫在眉睫。

为推进优质杂交水稻品种的推广工作,本试验于2020年在三明市尤溪县、明溪县两地引进禾两优676、II优3301、谷优353等3个优质水稻杂交品種,以中浙优8号为对照,开展水稻的品比筛选试验,考察品种的生育期、主要农艺性状、产量、抗性等因素,从中筛选出适合当地推广的优质杂交水稻品种,并对产量及其构成因素进行相关性分析,为优质水稻高产栽培技术在三明市的推广研究工作提供一定的参考数据。……

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