高施楠，何诗甜，刘淑桐，赵鸿飞，袁永革，李钧敏

摘要：互花米草（Spartina alterniflora）是我国沿海地区危害严重的恶性入侵杂草，如何有效治理互花米草已成为我国海岸带生态系统修复的重要需求。初步研究发现，互花米草具有很强的化感效应，潮间带红树植物的种植可以有效防控互花米草的入侵，但是互花米草对红树植物的化感效应目前还缺乏足够的研究。选取红树植物秋茄（Kandelia obovata）为研究对象，研究不同浓度（0、30%、60%、100%）互花米草叶片水浸取液对秋茄生长和光合特性的影响。結果表明，随着水浸取液浓度的升高，秋茄的生物量、茎宽、株高呈现先升高后降低的趋势，叶片数呈现升高的趋势;净光合速率呈现先升高后降低的趋势，胞间CO2浓度呈现先降低后升高的趋势，叶面积呈现降低趋势，蒸腾速率、气孔导度和叶绿素相对含量没有显著性变化。红树植物秋茄对互花米草化感效应的响应表现为：低浓度化感物质能提高秋茄的光合作用，促进秋茄的生长，但随着浓度的升高这种促进作用会减弱。

关键词：互花米草;秋茄;入侵植物;生物防控;化感作用

中图分类号：S451文献标志码：A文章编号：1003-935X（2021）02-0007-07

Allelopathic Effects of the Invasive Plant Spartina alterniflora

on the Native Mangrove Plant Kandelia obovateGAO Shinan，HE Shitian，LIU Shutong，ZHAO Hongfei，YUAN Yongge，LI Junmin

（School of Life Science，Taizhou University/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of

Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation，Taizhou 318000，China）Abstract：Spartina alterniflora is a serious invasive weed in the coastal areas of China. There is an important requirement for ecosystem restoration in coastal areas of China to effectively control it. S. alterniflora is strongly allelopathic and should be prevented from invading the native mangroves. This experiment used native mangrove plant，Kandelia obovata as the research object，and tested the effect of different concentrations （0%，30%，60%，100%） of aqueous extracts from leaves of S. alterniflora on the growth and photosynthesis of K. obovata. Biomass，stem width and plant height increased firstly and then decreased，and the number of leaves increased with the increasing concentrations of aqueous extracts. Net photosynthetic rate also increased initially and then decreased，the intercellular CO2 concentration decreased firstly and then increased，the SLA decreased，but transpiration rate，stomatal conductance and chlorophyll relative content did not show a significant change. This indicated that allelochemicals from S. alterniflora at low concentration could improve photosynthesis and promote the growth of K. obovate，but the facilitation effect was weakening with the increasing concentrations.

Key words：Spartina alterniflora;Kandelia obovate;invasive plant;biological control;allelopathic effects

植物入侵是指外来植物到达新的区域，并且在新的区域能够形成维持自我稳定种群的过程[1]。入侵植物不仅可以占据本地物种的生态位，还可以破坏生态环境，威胁生物多样性，造成巨大的经济损失[2-4]。互花米草（Spartina alterniflora）为禾本科米草属多年生草本植物，原产自美洲，20世纪70年代末作为滩涂生态固滩植物引入我国，其生长繁殖速度快，能快速占据当地的生态系统，不仅能抑制其他植物的生长，使其他植物面积大量缩小，还会影响海水的流通和出港船只，甚至引发赤潮[5-6]。……