幼龄茶园间作白三叶草和黑麦草替代控草效果及其对茶树的影响
2021-10-27陈仕红,叶照春,冉海燕,兰献敏,何秀龙
陈仕红,叶照春,冉海燕,兰献敏,何秀龙



摘要:探究白三叶草和黑麦草在茶园中替代控草效果和对茶树的影响,以期为茶园可持续发展奠定基础,采用倒置“W”9点取样调查春夏两季各处理杂草种类、株数、覆盖度,并调查茶树的生长情况。结果表明,白三叶草和黑麦草处理的替代控制措施在春夏两季杂草的株防效和蓋度防效均在84%以上,杂草发生种类(低于17种)、发生密度(低于40.00株/m2)、茶树的死亡率均低于清耕对照处理。说明替代控制措施对杂草有较好的防治作用,且增加了茶园土壤的覆盖度,对土壤起到保湿的作用。发展有机茶、干净茶可采用此方法进行生态控草。
关键词:幼龄茶园;白三叶草;黑麦草;杂草;控草效果
中图分类号:S451文献标志码:A文章编号:1003-935X(2021)02-0036-05
Effect of Intercropping White Clover and Ryegrass in a Young
Tea Garden on Grass Weeds and Crop GrowthCHEN Shihong,YE Zhaochun,RAN Haiyan,LAN Xianmin,HE Xiulong
(Institute of Plant Protection,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Science,Guiyang 550006,China)Abstract:To lay a foundation for sustainable production of tea gardens,the effects of white clover and ryegrass on grass control and tea plant growth were studied. Weed species,density and coverage in spring and summer,and the growth of tea plants was assessed according to an inverted “W” 9-point sampling protocol. White clover and ryegrass suppressed weeds in spring and summer above 84%. Concomitantly,weed species (less than 17 species) and density (less than 40 plants / m2) and tea plant mortality were lower compared with a clean ploughing treatment. Alternative control measures provided effective weed control,increased the coverage of tea garden soil,and played a role in soil moisture retention. The development of organic tea and clean tea can use this method for ecological grass control.
Key words:young tea garden;white clover;ryegrass;weeds;control effect
近年来,我国茶产业发展迅速,茶叶种植面积不断扩大。中共十八大以来,仅西南地区的贵州茶叶种植面积就超过46万hm2,与十七大期间相比种植面积增加超过15万hm2,茶叶增产超过 9万t [1-2]。与成年茶园相比,新建幼龄茶园由于茶树树幅小,茶行空间大,利于杂草滋生;而杂草与茶树争夺水、肥、空间等生长资源,严重影响茶树生长,而且还成为许多病虫害的寄居所[3-4],也是制约茶产业发展的重要因素之一。
贵州冬无严寒、夏无酷暑、雨热同期、寡日照的立体气候,营造了最适宜茶树生长与保证茶叶品质的生态条件,但同时也为杂草生长提供了良好条件。贵州省提出生产“生态茶,干净茶”的共同目标和追求,制定了“宁要草,也不要草甘膦”的管理措施,但是新建茶园前3年每年需除草5~6次,人工除草成本极高,急须建立安全、高效的茶园控草方法。……
