安化贡尖茶的历史文化价值与发展前景
2021-10-21洪漠如孟涛夏璐璐曾鑫张旭
洪漠如 孟涛 夏璐璐 曾鑫 张旭





摘要:贡尖茶是安化黑茶的特色品类之一,在我国黑茶历史上曾扮演着重要的角色,但在安化黑茶产业的发展和产品传承创新的过程中,這一产品类型发展缓慢。作为安化黑茶湘尖系列重要组成部分,贡尖茶具有独特的历史文化底蕴、加工工艺与产品特性。文章结合史料研究与实地调查,梳理了贡尖茶发展的历史脉络与工艺特点,以期更好地挖掘其经济价值,助推安化黑茶产业发展。
关键词:安化黑茶;贡尖茶;发展前景
Historical Culture Value and Development
Prospect of Anhua Gongjian Tea
HONG Moru1, MENG Tao2*, XIA Lulu1, ZENG Xin2, ZHANG Xu2
1. Ningbo Xiuye Tea Culture Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315000, China; 2. Hunan Provincial Baishaxi Tea Industry Co., Ltd., Anhua 413515, China
Abstract: Gongjian tea is a characteristic category of Anhua dark tea. It plays an important role in the history of dark
tea in China. In the process of the development of Anhua dark tea industry and the innovation of product inheritance,
Gongjian tea has been developing slowly. As an important part of Anhua dark tea Xiangjian series, Gongjian tea has
a unique historical and cultural heritage, processing technology and product characteristics. This paper combined the
historical data research and field investigation, summarized the development history and technological characteristics of
Gongjian tea to better explore its economic value and promote the development of Anhua dark tea industry.
Keywords: Anhua dark tea, Gongjian tea, development prospect
“贡尖茶”一词最早见于《理藩院档案》,是清朝中叶朝廷赏赐青海、西藏上层的贡赐之物。而生产贡尖茶的湖南安化,在北宋置县以前就有关于茶的记录。安化于北宋熙宁五年(1072)置县,元祐三年(1088)设置官方集市(博易场)交易茶叶。明朝洪武二十四年(1391)安化茶入贡,年贡22斤(古代衡制,1斤=597 g,下同)。万历二十三年(1595),安化黑茶被定为官茶。安化茶与西北边政从建县之初就一直有着十分紧密的联系。《明会典·茶课》中有载:弘治三年(1490),“令今后进贡蕃僧该尝食茶……不许于湖广等处收买私茶,违者尽数入官”[1]。可见,青藏高原上的僧侣与两湖茶从明朝就有了很深的渊源。至清雍正二年(1724),抚远大将军年羹尧平定西北之后,上书《平定罗卜藏丹津善后事宜十三条》,其中第六条提到:“每年给达赖赏赐茶叶5 000斤,班禅减半”[2]。也就是说,清廷每年需要给达赖、班禅两大活佛供给茶叶7 500斤,这一规定成为了制度,延续到清朝覆灭。
一、贡尖茶的历史简述
