儿童热性惊厥的研究进展
2021-10-20田剑张瑜任淑红刘全智王丽华
田剑 张瑜 任淑红 刘全智 王丽华
【摘要】热性惊厥是儿科常见的神经系统疾病之一,好发于6个月 ~ 5岁儿童。热性惊厥发病机制复杂,大部分患儿预后较好,但也有部分患儿病情反复发作,甚至进展为继发性癫痫,引起神经系统后遗症。热性惊厥的治疗分为院外急救、院内治疗和预防性治疗等部分,包括一般支持性治疗、终止发作的对症治疗和预防复发治疗等。远程医疗技术的开发和应用丰富了热性惊厥的治疗手段,该文对近年相关基础和临床研究文献进行综述,探讨国内外在儿童热性惊厥治疗方面的进展。
【关键词】热性惊厥;儿童;预防性治疗;远程医疗;癫痫
Research progress on febrile seizures in children Tian Jian, Zhang Yu, Ren Shuhong, Liu Quanzhi, Wang Lihua. Baoding Childrens Hospital, Baoding 071000, China
Corresponding author, Zhang Yu, E-mail: 54325609@qq.com
【Abstract】Febrile seizures is one of the most common neurological diseases in pediatrics, which primarily occurs in children aged from 6 months to 5 years old. The pathogenesis of febrile seizures is complex. Most of them have good clinical prognosis, whereas some cases frequently recur, even progress into secondary epilepsy, leading to the nervous system sequelae. The treatment of febrile seizures can be divided into out-of-hospital emergency, in-hospital treatment and preventive treatment, which consist of general supportive treatment, symptomatic treatment of terminating episode, and prevention and treatment of recurrence, etc. The development and application of telemedicine technology diversify the therapeutic options for febrile seizures. In this article, relevant basic and clinical studies were reviewed, aiming to summarize the latest research progress on the treatment of pediatric febrile seizures at home and abroad.
【Key words】Febrile seizures; Children; Preventive treatment; Telemedicine; Epilepsy
热性惊厥又称为高热惊厥,是儿科急诊常见的疾病之一,好发于6个月 ~ 5岁儿童。热性惊厥的定义为惊厥伴有高于38.0 ℃的发热,排除中枢神经系统感染、电解质紊乱和低血糖[1]。大部分儿童热性惊厥的预后较好,但也有部分患儿病情反复发作,甚至会进展为继发性癫痫,造成认知功能障碍、智力低下等神经系统后遗症。近年来随着人们对热性惊厥机制的认识不断加深,以及医疗新技术的飞速发展,特别是远程医疗平台的搭建和运用,儿童热性惊厥的治疗手段也得到了创新。本文回顾了近几年发表的关于儿童热性惊厥治疗的基础和临床研究文献,对儿童热性惊厥的特征和最新治疗进展进行总结,现报告如下。
一、流行病学和发病机制
流行病学研究显示,热性惊厥在6个月 ~ 5岁的儿童人群中总体发病率约为2% ~ 5%[2]。……
