毛祥忠 唐绍荣 杨斌 赵宁

摘 要：为了筛选营建云南松抗虫混交林的树种，该研究观察了云南切梢小蠹非寄主植物川滇桤木、缅桂、滇朴、樟树、麻栎和山茶六种阔叶树种叶片不同浓度的水浸提液对云南松种子萌发及幼苗生长的化感作用。结果表明：（1）川滇桤木、滇朴、麻栎和山茶四种阔叶树种叶片的水浸提液对云南松种子萌发和幼苗生长表现出低浓度促进，高浓度抑制效应。（2）在测试浓度范围内，樟树和缅桂叶片水浸提液对云南松种子萌发和幼苗生长存在抑制作用。综上所述，六种阔叶树种对云南松的化感作用敏感性不同，低浓度范围内的川滇桤木、滇朴、麻栎和山茶树叶片水浸提液对云南松生长表现出促进作用，樟树和缅桂叶片水浸提液对云南松生长具有抑制作用。因此，结合营林技术，可选用川滇桤木、滇朴、麻栎等阔叶树种与云南松混交，营建云南松抗虫混交林。

关键词：浸提液，化感作用，云南松，种子萌发，幼苗生长

中图分类号：Q945

文献标识码：A

文章编号：1000-3142（2021）09-1516-08

Abstract：This study observed the allelopathic effects of different concentrations of water extracts from the leaves of six broad-leaved tree species on the seed germination and seedling growth of Pinus yunnanensis，which can be used as potential tree species for the construction of P. yunnanensis hybrid forest. The six broad-leaved tree species were Alnus ferdinandi-coburgii，Quercus acutissima，Celtis kunmingensis，Cinnamomum camphora，Michelia×alba and Camellia japonica. The results were as follows：（1）Water extracts from the leaves of four broad-leaved tree species，namely Alnus ferdinandi-coburgii，Quercus acutissima，Celtis kunmingensis and Camellia japonica had promoting effects on seed germination and seedling growth of Pinus yunnanensis when at low concentrations，but showed inhibitory effects on them at high concentrations. （2）In the tested concentrations，the water extracts from leaves of Michelia×alba and Cinnamomum camphora had exhibited inhibitory effects on seed germination and seedling growth of Pinus yunnanensis. In conclusion，six species of broad-leaved trees reflected different sensitivities to allelopathic effects of P. yunnanensis. At low concentrations，water extracts from leaves of Alnus ferdinandi-coburgii，Quercus acutissima，Celtis kunmingensis and Camellia japonica had promoting effects on the growth of Pinus yunnanensis，while water extracts from leaves of Michelia×alba and Cinnamomum camphora had inhibiting effects. Thus，in combination with silviculture techniques，Alnus ferdinandi-coburgii，Quercus acutissima，Celtis kunmingensis can be selected to construct Pinus yunnanensis insect-resistant mixed forest.

Key words：extract，allelopathic effect，Pinus yunnanensis，seed germination，seedling growth

云南松（Pinus yunnanensis）是我國云南、四川、西藏、广西等省（区）特有的树种，具有耐干旱，生态适应性广和天然更新能力强等特点（杨燕等，2009;陈飞等，2012）。云南松是云南省荒山造林的先锋树种，栽培面积占全省林地面积的52%、占林地蓄积的32%，在维持云南生态安全中具有不可替代的作用（王磊等，2018）。云南松林多以纯林为主，由于种植面积广，树种单一，遭受了害虫的蛀食危害（柴守权等，2002;王大伟等，2013;刘凌等，2014）。其中云南切梢小蠹（Tomicus yunnanensis）的危害性较大，每年大约造成7.5万 hm2云南松活力木死亡（马学玉等，2016）。……