张智 林培炯 陈智勇 巴吐西 姜玉英 穆常青 郭书臣 王绍林 卢润刚 祁俊锋 张云慧

摘要 自草地貪夜蛾入侵我国以来，多地出现其幼虫为害麦苗的报道，但其对小麦中后期的为害特征未有明确的描述。为明确草地贪夜蛾幼虫期与黄淮海麦区小麦生育期吻合时能否造成危害，本文通过在河南新乡、北京延庆进行田间笼罩和网室接虫试验，对草地贪夜蛾在小麦中后期的为害特征进行了系统观测。结果表明，4月-6月草地贪夜蛾可以为害小麦;罩网情况下草地贪夜蛾可以取食小麦叶片、叶鞘，钻蛀小穗，造成蛀孔，还可以啃食小麦籽粒。在平均百株虫量为6头的网室内，平均被害穗率为11.0%。被害穗剥检发现，蛀孔率平均为1780%，最高可达3548%。研究结果为麦田草地贪夜蛾的预测预报和有效防控提供了参考。但本结果仅为笼罩条件下的数据，在田间自然状态下草地贪夜蛾幼虫对中后期小麦的为害情况有待进一步研究。

关键词 草地贪夜蛾; 小麦; 为害; 识别

中图分类号： S 435.13

文献标识码： A

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.

2020348

Observation on the damage characteristics of Spodoptera frugiperda to wheat in middle and late stages

ZHANG Zhi1，2， LIN Peijiong1，3， CHEN Zhiyong1， Batuxi1， JIANG Yuying4， MU Changqing2 ，

GUO Shuchen5， WANG Shaolin5， LU Rungang5， QI Junfeng6， ZHANG Yunhui1*

（1. State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests， Institute of Plant Protection， Chinese Academy

of Agricultural Sciences， Beijing 100193， China; 2. Beijing Plant Protection Station， Beijing 100029， China;

3. College of Plant Protection， Nanjing Agricultural University， Nanjing 210095， China; 4. National Agro-Tech

Extension and Service Centre， Beijing 100125， China; 5. Yanqing Plant Protection Station of Beijing， Beijing

102100， China; 6. Beijing Lüfulong Agricultural Technology Co.， Ltd.， Beijing 102100， China）

Abstract

Since the invasion of the fall armyworm（Spodoptera frugiperda）（FAW） to China， the damage of its larvae to wheat seedling were found in some provinces， but no reports on the damage characteristics of FAW to wheat at middle or late developmental stages. To find out whether the FAW larvae occur at the heading stage could also cause damage to wheat， the experiments were carried out in net cages by artificial infection with laboratory reared FAW larvae in Xinxiang， Henan and Beijing （Yanqing）. The results showed that FAW larvae could cause damages to wheat from April to June. FAW larvae could eat wheat leaves， leaf sheath， bore spikelets and make small holes， and sometimes could eat wheat grains. The damaged head was 11.0% in average in the two cages with an average population of six larvae per 100 tillers. The average rate of bored seed was 17.80%， and the highest reached to 35.48%. The results provide basic data for forecasting and integrated control of FAW in wheat fields. However， because the experiments were conducted in net cages， the real damage need to be further verified in open fields.

Key words

Spodoptera frugiperda; wheat; damage; identification

草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda（J.E.Smith），也称秋黏虫，隶属于鳞翅目Lepidoptera夜蛾科Noctuidae，原分布于美洲热带和亚热带地区[1]。2018年12月，草地贪夜蛾从云南省入侵我国，截至2019年10月8日，迁飞扩散至26省（区、市）1 538个县（区、市），最北端到達北京延庆[2]。根据草地贪夜蛾生物学特性和各地有效积温，我国整体划分为周年繁殖区、迁飞过渡区和重点防范区。2019/2020年冬季，草地贪夜蛾在我国北纬27°以南区域已经建立周年繁殖区，条件适宜时可向北迁飞为害[3-4]。……