高思禹 郑旭 岳群 张李香 徐利剑

摘要 为研究绿僵菌Metarhizium及其相近菌属真菌的生物活性，采用形态学和分子生物学的方法对来自大兴安岭凋落物的肉色基思菌Keithomyces carneus（曾用名：肉色绿僵菌M.carneum）与马氏马昆德菌Marquandomyces marquandii（曾用名马昆德绿僵菌M. marquandii）以及金龟子绿僵菌Metarhizium anisopliae进行了鉴定，并分析了它们对3种害虫、4种植物病原菌的活性。杀虫活性测定表明，肉色基思菌与马氏马昆德菌对双斑萤叶甲Monolepta hieroglyphica、玉米蚜Rhopalosiphum maidis、绿豆象Callosobruchus chinensis具有侵染能力，为非寄主专化型真菌。抑菌活性测定表明，肉色基思菌对立枯丝核菌Rhizoctonia solani，水稻白叶枯病菌Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae等病原菌具有抑菌活性。本研究揭示了3种供试真菌具有防治双斑萤叶甲的潜力，也发现了肉色基思菌与马氏马昆德菌的生防潜力，为它们进一步开发利用打下了基础。

关键词 绿僵菌; 杀虫活性; 抑菌活性; 双斑萤叶甲; 生物防治

中图分类号： S 476.12

文献标识码： A

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2020334

Biological activities of species of Metarhizium and its close genera

from litters in the Greater Khingan Mountains

GAO Siyu1， ZHENG Xu2， YUE Qun3， ZHANG Lixiang1， XU Lijian1 *

（1. College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment， Heilongjiang University， Harbin 150080， China;

2. Qiqihar Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Qiqihar 161006， China;

3. Biotechnology Research Institute， Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Beijing 100081， China）

Abstract

In order to investigate the biological activities of species of Metarhizium and its close genera fungi， Keithomyces carneus （former name： Metarhizium carneum） and Marquandomyces marquandii （former name： Metarhizium marquandii） as well as Metarhizium anisopliae were identified from the litters in the Greater Khingan Mountains by using morphological and molecular biological methods. Their activities against three pests and four plant pathogens were investigated by biological activity assays. According to the insecticidal activity test， K.carneus and Ma.marquandii had an infectivity against Monolepta hieroglyphica， Rhopalosiphum maidis and Callosobruchus chinensis， demonstrating that K.carneus and Ma.marquandii were non host-specific fungi. According to the antimicrobial assays， K.carneus had antimicrobial activities against Rhizoctonia solani， Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and the others. This study revealed that three tested fungal species had the potential for biocontrol of M.hieroglyphica. It was also found that K.carneus and Ma.marquandii had the biocontrol potential. It laid the foundation for their further development and utilization.

Key words

Metarhizium; insecticidal activity; antimicrobial activity; Monolepta hieroglyphica; biocontrol

綠僵菌Metarhizium spp.作为昆虫病原真菌可以用作生物农药已广为人知。绿僵菌广泛分布在世界各地，通常作为植物根际菌[1]、植物内生菌[2]、昆虫病原菌[3]以及土壤真菌生存在于自然界中。1883年，Sorokin正式将第一种绿僵菌命名为金龟子绿僵菌M.anisopliae[4]，从此开始了绿僵菌作为昆虫病原菌与生物农药的研究。绿僵菌还可以提高植物对病原菌的抗性[5]，例如Lara等[6]发现棕色绿僵菌M.brunneum可减轻镰刀菌Fusarium spp.引起的小麦根腐病。一些绿僵菌由于展现了良好的杀虫、抑菌能力，可以作为生物农药广泛应用在农业上[7-11]。目前已有许多成功的室内及田间防治案例……