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广西田间发现2种草地贪夜蛾幼虫寄生蜂

2021-10-12覃江梅覃武陈红松蔡晓燕于永浩陈华燕

植物保护 2021年5期

覃江梅 覃武 陈红松 蔡晓燕 于永浩 陈华燕

摘要 草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smith)是世界性重大迁飞害虫,自2019年入侵我国西南地区后迅速向北扩散,严重威胁我国粮食作物生产安全。挖掘和筛选本地优势天敌,对开展草地贪夜蛾生物防治具有重要意义。2020年夏季在广西南宁市和北海市野外开展草地贪夜蛾及其天敌调查时发现2种草地贪夜蛾幼虫寄生蜂,通过形态学和分子生物学方法鉴定为棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂Campoletis chlorideae Uchida和斜纹夜蛾侧沟茧蜂Microplitis prodeniae Rao & Kurian。本文详细记述了这两种幼虫寄生蜂的形态特征,以期为今后筛选和利用草地贪夜蛾寄生性天敌提供参考。

关键词 草地贪夜蛾; 天敌; 棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂; 斜纹夜蛾侧沟茧蜂

中图分类号: S 476

文献标识码: A

DOI: 10.16688/j.zwbh.

2020610

Two larval parasitoid wasp species of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) found in Guangxi, China

QIN Jiangmei1#, QIN Wu1#, CHEN Hongsong1, CAI Xiaoyan1, YU Yonghao, CHEN Huayan2*

(1. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection,

Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; 2. School of Life

Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China)

Abstract

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E.Smith), is a major migratory pest worldwide. Since its invasion in southwest China in 2019, this pest has been spreading rapidly to the north, posing a great threat to the crop production of the country. It is of great importance to survey domestic dominant natural enemies for the biological control of this pest. In the summer of 2020, we found two parasitoid species attacking the larvae of the fall armyworm in the fields of Nanning and Beihai, Guangxi. Based on morphological and molecular evidences, the two larval parasitoid wasp were identified as Campoletis chlorideae Uchida and Microplitis prodeniae Rao & Kurian. The main morphological characteristics of the two species provide reference for the selection and utilization of parasitoid wasps in the control of the fall armyworm.

Key words

Spodoptera frugiperda; natural enemy; Campoletis chlorideae; Microplitis prodeniae

草地貪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smith)是一种原产于美洲热带地区的重大迁飞性害虫,可为害包括甘蔗、玉米、水稻、花生在内的350余种植物[1]。草地贪夜蛾幼虫主要取食植物生长点、叶片、茎秆和果穗等幼嫩部位,造成植物产量下降,甚至颗粒无收。2019年1月草地贪夜蛾首次发现于我国云南省,随后在西南地区定殖并向北迅速蔓延扩散,截至2020年7月,我国共有21个省份遭受草地贪夜蛾幼虫为害,为害面积超过65万hm2[2]。据预测,草地贪夜蛾为害区域仍在继续扩大,为害面积可达500多万hm2[2],严重威胁我国农业生产安全。

目前,化学防治仍是控制草地贪夜蛾的主要措施,但大量使用化学农药会导致害虫产生抗性、天敌种类及数量减少、农药残留、生态环境污染等问题。有报道表明,草地贪夜蛾已对多种化学农药产生抗性,包括双酰胺类、多杀菌素、苯甲酰脲类等新型农药[3]。……

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