郭成 王春明 周天旺 张小杰 葛玉彬 张国琴

摘要 为明确不同高粱品种抗丝黑穗病类型和差异，本研究于 2019 年采用田间人工接种法在甘肃省榆中县对28份高粱品种进行了田间抗病性鉴定，结果表明，‘吉杂122和‘瑞杂8号2份材料表现免疫，占比7.14%;‘龙杂5号 ‘吉杂227和‘新粱N6VA等3份材料表现高抗，占比10.71%;‘晋杂22号‘吉杂127‘吉杂124‘吉杂137和‘新粱SN2等5份材料表现抗病，占比17.86%;‘晋糯3号‘吉杂140和‘吉杂138等3份材料表现中抗，占比10.71%;9份材料表现感病，6份材料表现高感，占比分别为32.14%和21.43%。不同播种时期和接菌量研究结果表明，前者与平均病株率呈显著负相关，而后者与平均病株率呈显著正相关。

关键词 高粱; 丝黑穗病; 抗性; 发病条件

中图分类号： S 435.14

文献标识码： A

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2020331

Resistance analysis of 28 sorghum varieties and research on incidence conditions to head smut

GUO Cheng1，2， WANG Chunming1，2， ZHOU Tianwang1，2， ZHANG Xiaojie3， GE Yubin4， ZHANG Guoqin4

（1. Institute of Plant Protection， Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Lanzhou 730070， China;

2. Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Tianshui， Ministry of Agriculture and Rural

Affairs，  Gangu 741299， China; 3. College of Plant Protection， Gansu Agricultural University， Lanzhou

730070， China; 4. Institute of Crops，Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Lanzhou 730070， China）

Abstract

The study aimed to confirm the head smut-resistance types and differences among sorghum varieties. Using the artificial inoculation method under field conditions， 28 sorghum varieties were assessed and evaluated at Yuzhong county， Lanzhou city， Gansu province in 2019. The results showed that two accessions were immune， such as ‘Jiza122 and ‘Ruiza8， accounting for 714% of the total accessions. Three accessions were highly resistant， including ‘Longza5 ‘Jiza227， and ‘Xinliang N6VA， accounting for 10.71%. Five accessions were resistant， such as ‘Jinza22 ‘Jiza127‘Jiza124 ‘Jiza137， and ‘Xinliang SN2， accounting for 1786% of the total accessions. Three accessions were moderately resistant， for example ‘Jinnuo3‘Jiza140 and ‘Jiza138， accounting for 10.71% of the total accessions. The other nine and six accessions were susceptible and highly susceptible， accounting for 32.14% and 21.43%， respectively. The results showed that the severity of the sorghum head smut was negative with the sowing date， but positively correlated with the inoculation amount.

Key words

sorghum; head smut; resistance; incidence condition

高粱Sorghum bicolor又称蜀黍，属禾本科，它不仅是重要的粮食作物，也是发展畜牧产业的优质饲料、酿酒和工业原料，在社会生产和国民经济中占有非常重要的地位[1]。高粱的世界总产量位于粮食作物玉米、水稻、小麦和大麦之后，居第5位[2]。我国的高粱单产水平仅次于美国，在世界范围内名列第2[3]。高粱栽培品种根据其不同用途，可分为甜高粱、饲料高粱和籽粒高粱3种类型[4]。作为C4植物的模式作物，高粱因其具有光合效率高、耐高温和干旱能力強，以及耐贫瘠胁迫等特性而备受关注[5]。虽然高粱具有耐环境胁迫等优势，但病虫害的发生和危害，大大降低了高粱的产量和品质[6]。据报道，每年高粱因病虫害危害造成的产量损失在不断提高，甚至会抵消因种植高产新品种或使用新技术而带来的经济效益[7]。……