刘可杰 董怀玉 王丽娟

摘要 为了监测我国玉米灰斑病菌的种群及其分布，本研究于2016年-2019年从全国17省（直辖市）87地市（自治州）采集了1 341份玉米灰斑病样本，分离病原菌进行形态学和分子生物学鉴定。共分离到菌株4 186株，从中鉴定出玉蜀黍尾孢Cercospora zeae-maydis 3 272株、玉米尾孢C.zeina 914株。结果表明，引起我国玉米灰斑病的病原菌有玉蜀黍尾孢C.zeae-maydis和玉米尾孢C.zeina两个种，而且这两个种在我国的分布有一定的地域性。黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古、河北、北京、天津、山东、山西和安徽地区的玉米灰斑病菌均为玉蜀黍尾孢;河南的西、南部和陕西的中、南部是玉蜀黍尾孢和玉米尾孢混合发生;湖北、四川和湖南虽然分离到了玉蜀黍尾孢和玉米尾孢两种菌，但以玉米尾孢为主;贵州和云南的玉米灰斑病菌均为玉米尾孢。

关键词 玉米灰斑病; 玉蜀黍尾孢; 玉米尾孢; 分布

中图分类号： S 435.13

文献标识码： A

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.

2020339

Investigation on the species and distribution of pathogens causing gray leaf spot of maize in China

LIU Kejie， DONG Huaiyu*， WANG Lijuan

（Institute of Plant Protection， Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Shenyang 110161， China）

Abstract

In order to monitor the species and distribution of pathogens causing gray leaf spot of maize in China， 1 341 samples of gray leaf spot of maize were collected from 87 prefecture-level cities （autonomous prefectures） of 17 provinces （municipalities） during 2016-2019. The pathogens were isolated and identified by morphology and molecular biology methods. A total of 4 186 isolates were obtained， 3 272 were Cercospora zeae-maydis and 914 were C.zeina. The results showed that the pathogen species causing gray leaf spot of maize were C.zeae-maydis and C.zeina in China， and the distribution of these two species was regional. In Heilongjiang， Jilin， Liaoning， Inner Mongolia， Hebei， Beijing， Tianjin， Shandong， Shanxi and Anhui， the pathogen species was C.zeae-maydis， while in the west and south of Henan and the middle and south of Shaanxi， the pathogen species were Czeae-maydis and C.zeina. In Hubei， Sichuan and Hunan， the pathogen species were also C.zeae-maydis and C.zeina， but the C.zeina was the main species. In Guizhou and Yunnan， the pathogen species was C.zeina.

Key words

gray leaf spot of maize; Cercospora zeae-maydis; Cercospora zeina; distribution

玉米灰斑病于1991年在我国辽宁丹东地区首次突然大发生[1]，这是玉米灰斑病在我国发生的首次报道。2000年以来，该病害在北方春玉米区的黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古以及黄淮海夏玉米区的山东、河北、河南、北京和天津等地普遍发生，成为玉米上的一种常发病害[2-3]。2010年后，玉米灰斑病在我国西南各省的玉米产区发生严重，在云南、贵州、四川、湖南和湖北等省份的玉米生产中成为危害重、损失大的病害，而且有逐年加重的趋势[4-6]。玉米灰斑病在我国的分布已經越来越普遍，对我国东北、华北和西南等地区的玉米生产威胁越来越大，成为玉米生产中继大斑病、小斑病之后的又一重要叶部病害。……